基于遥感和地理信息系统的青海省喜马拉雅旱獭适宜生境分析  

Analysis of appropriate ecological environment of Himalayan marmot based on remote sensing and geographic information system in Qinghai province

作　　者：高孟绪[1] 曹春香[2] 王卷乐[1] 张颢[2] 李群[3] 贾慧聪[2] 满腾飞[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院遥感应用研究所、遥感科学国家重点实验室 [3]中国疾病预防控制中心卫生应急中心

出　　处：《中国地方病学杂志》2012年第5期495-498,共4页Chinese Jouranl of Endemiology

基　　金：国家科技基础性工作专项（2011FY110400）;国家科技重大专项课题（2008ZX10004-012）

摘　　要：目的利用遥感和地理信息系统等空间信息技术定量分析青海省喜马拉雅旱獭的分布与地形地貌、气温、降水等生态环境要素的关系。方法利用中国疾病预防控制中心提供的青海省喜马拉雅旱獭监测数据和实地调查数据，进行旱獭位置点的空间定位；利用遥感和地理信息系统提取与喜马拉雅旱獭相关的地形地貌、气温、降水等生态环境参数；利用ArcGIS软件进行旱獭发现点与生境参数的叠加分析和统计分析。结果有77．27％（153／198）的喜马拉雅旱獭发现点分布在高程值为3000～4000m的地区；当坡度为0～17度，坡向范围在91—270度（以180度为正南方向）时，旱獭数量最多；最暖月最高温为1413－17．5℃、17．6～20．8℃和20．9～24．0℃3个温度区间内，喜马拉雅旱獭发现点分布总和约占到总数的95％（186／198）；喜马拉雅旱獭发现点较为均匀地分布于降水量在46～108mm范围内的地区。结论利用遥感和地理信息系统可以进行大范围内的鼠疫宿主动物适宜生境的定量分析．空间信息技术在鼠疫防治中具有重要的应用前景。Objective To assess the quantitative relationship between the distribution of Himalayan marmot and its ecological environment, the terrain, the temperature and the precipitation, using remote sensing and geographic information system in Qinghai province. Methods The distribution of Himalayan marmot was located by Google Earth and ArcGIS software and by using field survey data provided by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The corresponding ecological environment of marmot including terrain, temperature and precipitation were derived from the spatial information datasets. All results were processed according to the overlay and statistics analysis using ArcGIS software. Results Seventy-seven point twenty-seven percent （153/198） of Himalayan marmot were distributed in the area of elevation between 3000 and 4000 meters. The number of marmot reached the highest when the slope was between 0 and 17 degrees, and aspect range was between 91 and 270 degrees, 180 degree was as south direction. During the period with the maximum temperature of the warmest month of 14.3 - 17.5℃, 17.6 - 20.8 ℃ and 20.9 - 24.0 ℃, the distribution of marmot reached 95%（186/198） of the total area. Meanwhile, most of the marmot were presented in the area with average precipitation of 46 - 108 mm. Conclusions A quantitative analysis of appropriate ecological environment of Himalayan marmot in a large scope is carried out successfully using remote sensing and geographic information system. The study indicates that spatial information technology has important applications in plague prevention and control.

关 键 词：鼠疫 遥感 地理信息系统 适宜生境 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]