少年和成年业余长跑运动员急性耐力运动后心脏自主神经恢复观察研究  

Cardiac Autonomic Recovery after an Acute Bout of Endurance Exercise in Adolescent and Adult Amateur Long-distance Runners

作　　者：黄传业[1] 田野[2] 聂金雷[3] 

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院运动科学学院,上海200438 [2]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061 [3]澳门理工学院体育暨运动高等学校

出　　处：《体育科学》2012年第9期11-16,共6页China Sport Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2006BAK37B06)

摘　　要：目的:观察少年和成年男子业余跑运动员一次急性耐力运动后心率变异(HRV)变化特征,并探讨运动后HRV变化生理学意义。方法:少年(14.4±1.3岁)与成年(25.7±2.8岁)受试者各10名,进行1次90min、强度为95%个体无氧阈强度跑台运动。在运动前、运动后15min以及运动后6h测定HRV。结果:运动后15min,TPLn、HFnu和HRV各时域指标明显低于运动前水平,LFnu和LF/HF显著升高;少年受试者HFnu降幅、LFnu和LF/HF升幅明显低于成年受试者(P<0.05)。运动后6h,HRV各指标均已恢复,其中,TPLn、SDNN、HFnu和RMSSD有反弹的迹象。运动后HFnu相对运动前的降幅与受试者年龄呈负相关关系(r=-0.645,P<0.01,n=20);另外,HFnu、TPLn相对运动前降低程度与运动前水平高度负相关(P<0.05,n=20)。结论:一次急性耐力运动后HRV出现短暂抑制现象,少年受试者运动后HRV降低幅度相对成年较低,可能与发育成熟度不同有关,急性运动后HRV变化可能是运动适应的生理表现。Objective：To examine the time course of heart rate variability （HRV） after an acute bout of endurance exercise in adolescent and adult male amateur runners, and elucidate the physiological significance of HRV changes post-exercise. Method.. Ten adolescent （aged 14.4 ;1.3 years ） and 10 adult （aged 25.7±2.8 years ） runners performed a 90min constantload treadmill run at 95 ; of individual ventilatory threshold. The HRV indexes were assessed at pre-exercise; 15 min and 6 h post-exercise. Results ： At 15 min post-exercise, TPLn, HFnu and HRV time domain indexes were lower than those of pre-exercise, while LFnu and LF/HF were significant increased. LFnu and LF/HF were significant lower in children than adults（P d0.05）. All HRV indexes were recovered to pre-exercise level at 6 h post-exercise. Mean- while, TPLn, SDNN, HFnu and RMSSD seemed to rebound and exceed the pre-exercise level. A significant relationship was found between changes in HFnu from baseline and age of subjects （ r =-0.645, P; 0.01, n = 20）. Additionally, the magnitudes of HFnu and TPLn suppressions post-exercise were negative associated with their baseline levels（P;0.05, n=20）, respectively. Conclusion.. HRV was transient suppressed after an acute bout of endurance exercise. The magnitude of HRV suppression in adolescent subjects was lower than adults following exercise. The behavior of HRV response to exercise exhibiting differently might be associated with maturity status and it might reflect the physiological adaptation to acute exercise.

关 键 词：少年 成年 长跑 心率变异 耐力运动 副交感神经 抑制 

分 类 号：G804.26[文化科学—运动人体科学]