不同的思维控制内容对运动员自控损耗的影响  

The Effect of Different Control Contents on Athletes' Self-control Depletion

作　　者：张连成[1] 张力为[2] 高淑青[2] 

机构地区：[1]天津体育学院,天津300381 [2]北京体育大学,北京100084

出　　处：《体育科学》2012年第9期62-66,F0003,共6页China Sport Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2012BAKB21B03)

摘　　要：通过两个实验检验了不同的思维控制内容对运动员自控损耗的影响。40名篮球以及38名足球专项大学生分别参与了实验1和实验2。他们首先进行5min的思维控制任务,然后,实验1的研究参与者进行Stroop任务的测试,实验2的研究参与者进行Visual-CCPT任务的测试。结果发现,教练员抑制组较其他各组在Stroop任务上的正确率均低,教练员抑制组较白熊抑制组以及控制组在Visual-CCPT任务上的虚报数更多;什么都不想组较控制组的虚报数更多。这表明,与运动情境越接近的思维控制内容越不容易控制,损耗更严重。同时也提示运动员,转移注意可能是有效的思维控制策略,而什么都不想并不是有效的思维控制策略。Two experiments were conducted to test the effect of different control contents on athletes＇ self-control depletion. 40 basketball collegiate students participated in experiment 1; 38 football collegiate students participated in experiment 2. In experiment 1, participants engaged in the thought control task for five minutes and then performed a Stroop task. In experiment 2, participants engaged in the thought control task for five minutes and then performed a Visual-CCPT task. MANOVA results showed that there were significantly differences on accuracy of Stroop tasks between Not-to-think-coach group and other groups;commission numbers of VisuaI-CCPT between Not-to-think-anything group and control group are also significantly different, Not-to-think-coach group had more commission numbers than Not-to-think-whitebear group and control group. These results suggest that the tasks, which are more close to sport situations, are more difficult to control, concomitantly result in more self-control depletion. Athletes should transfer their attention from contest when encountering negative thinking and stop telling them to think nothing when encountering distracting thoughts.

关 键 词：自我控制 自控损耗 运动员 思维抑制 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]