知识产权法公共利益原则的历史传统与当代命运  

The Historical Tradition and Contemporary Destine on the Public Interests Principle in Intellectual Property Law

作　　者：严永和[1] 甘雪玲[2] 

机构地区：[1]暨南大学法学院/知识产权学院/知识产权与法治研究中心 [2]暨南大学法学院/知识产权学院

出　　处：《知识产权》2012年第9期12-21,共10页Intellectual Property

基　　金：广东普通高校人文社科重点研究基地暨南大学知识产权与法治研究中心重大项目《知识产权特别权利理论与制度研究》(09JDXM82004);国家知识产权局2012年软科学研究项目《遗传资源及传统知识保护制度的实施状况评估与制度完善研究》(SS12-A-12)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：从一定角度看,知识产权法上的公共利益可以诠释为与知识产权人利益相对应的、不特定的、众多的、潜在的各种知识产品使用者(公众)对受知识产权保护的知识产品加以获取与使用的利益。在国际层面上,这一利益与发展中国家的利益存在交叉。以促进公共利益为目的和原则是各国知识产权法乃至早期国际知识产权公约的历史传统。以《TRIPS协定》为核心的当代国际知识产权制度,对知识产权实体权利进行猛烈扩张,并纳入国际贸易制度予以保护,严重偏离公共利益原则,与发展中国家健康权、食物权等基本人权困境存在正相关关系,警示现行知识产权制度需要进行一定的修正。未来知识产权制度的改革需要重拾公共利益传统,可以在《TRIPS协定》框架下,对现行国际知识产权制度进行"一收一扩":"一收"即将知识私权的权利边界进行适当收缩和限制,扩大和加强公共领域保护;"一扩"即把传统资源剥离出公共领域,纳入知识私权范畴。The public interests in the intellectual property rights law may be interpreted as the interests that all potential people may access and use the creations protected by intellectual property rights law. This interest overlaps with that of the developing countries＇ on the international level. Formulating the public interests as the purpose and principle is the historical tradition in all countries and the international convention about intellectual property in the early stage. Contemporary international intellectual property regime centered on TRIPS Agreements fiercely enlarges intellectual property rights, deviated from the public interests principle, and does some harm on the basic human rights such as health rights and food rights and so on.This means existing intellectual property regime need some revision, and we should think highly of public interests principle when this revision begins in the future. We may revise TRIPS Agreements, such as shrinking intellectual property, strengthening the public domain, empowering traditional resources and breaking them away from the public domain.

关 键 词：TRIPS协定 知识产权 公共利益 公共领域 传统资源 

分 类 号：D997.1[政治法律—国际法学]