闽北不同土地利用方式与不同降雨强度对水土流失的影响  

Effects of different land uses and different rainfall intensities on soil and water loss in Northern Fujian Province

作　　者：江淼华[1,2] 谢锦升 王维明 黄荣珍[4] 杨玉盛 

机构地区：[1]湿润亚热带山地生态省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地,福州350007 [2]闽江学院地理科学系,福州350108 [3]福建省水土保持实验站,福州350003 [4]南昌工程学院生态环境系,南昌330099

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2012年第4期84-89,共6页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：福建省科技厅重点项目"南方红壤区水土流失地生物固碳技术研究"(2009Y0014);福建省自然科学基金"中亚热带绿色‘土壤水库’的研究"(D0010014)

摘　　要：运用径流小区法研究闽北不同土地利用方式与不同降雨强度对水土流失的影响。结果表明:1)不同土地利用方式年均径流量的大小顺序为裸露地>柑橘园>锥栗林>杉木林,年均土壤流失量的大小顺序为裸露地>锥栗林>柑橘园>杉木林;2)降雨强度对土壤流失量的影响高于对径流量的影响,不同土地利用方式的径流量及土壤流失量与各降雨强度指标呈显著性幂函数关系,但各指标的拟合相关程度不同;3)裸露地(对照)土壤流失量与I10的相关性最高,锥栗林的土壤流失量与I30和I60的相关性最好,柑橘园的土壤流失量与I30的相关性最好,而杉木林的土壤流失量与降雨强度的相关性极弱;4)裸露地、锥栗林和柑橘园的径流量与I60和I30的相关性较好,杉木林的径流量与降雨强度的相关性极弱;5)各土地利用方式的径流量和土壤流失量与Iave的相关性均很弱。Effects of different land uses and different rainfall intensities on soil and water loss in Northern Fujian were studied based on the observation of runoff plot. The results indicated： 1 ） Average annual runoff under different land uses were given as following descending order： bare land, Citrus reticulata plantation, Castanea henryi plantation and Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation. Average annual soil loss decreased as the order of bare land, Castanea henryi plantation, Citrus reticulata plantation and Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation. 2） Relationship of runoff and soil loss with the rainfall intensity agreed with the power function. The present study indicated that effects of rainfall intensity on soil loss were greater than runoff. 3） In bare land, soil loss significantly correlated with the maximum 10 minute rainfall intensity （110）. In Castanea henryi plantation, soil loss was most related with the maximum 30 minute rainfall intensity （130） and the maximum 60 minute rainfall intensity （/60）. In Citrus reticulata plantation, soil loss was most related with the maximum 30 minute rainfall intensity （I30）. In Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation, however, soil loss was almost not affected by rainfall intensity. 4）Runoff in Castanea henryi plantation, Citrus reticulata plantation and bare land had good relationship with the maximum 60 minute rainfall intensity （160） and maximum 30 minute rainfall intensity （130）, but runoff in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation was not affected by rainfall intensity. 5） The relationship between average rainfall intensity （Iavc） and soil and water loss under different land use were very week.

关 键 词：水土流失 降雨强度 土地利用方式 闽北 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]