长江上游地区土壤可蚀性空间分异特征  

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL ERODIBILITY K VALUE IN THE UPPER YANGTZE RIVER

作　　者：宋春风[1,2] 陶和平[1] 刘斌涛[1] 史展[1,2] 郭兵[1,2] 华娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,四川成都610041 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2012年第9期1123-1130,共8页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目:"西南山区情势与资源环境安全战略研究"(KZCX2-YW-333);中国科学院西部行动计划项目:"西藏高原生态安全屏障监测评估方法与技术研究"(KZCX2-XB3-08)

摘　　要：研究土壤可蚀性K值有助于宏观判断和定量分析长江上游地区土壤侵蚀的空间分布特征。利用第二次土壤普查资料建立了长江上游土壤的理化性质数据库,通过三次样条插值对土壤质地进行转换,采用EPIC模型计算出各土种的可蚀性K值,采用面积加权的方法,求得各亚类的可蚀性K值,将其链接至长江上游土壤图的属性表,得到土壤可蚀性空间分布图,进而探讨土壤可蚀性的分布特征。结果表明:长江上游土壤可蚀性以较低可蚀性、中等可蚀性和较高可蚀性为主,横断山区、云贵高原和三峡库区区域土壤可蚀性明显高于四川盆地地区;高可蚀性土壤主要分布在嘉陵江上游和横断山区的低海拔谷地;平均K值为0.239 0,最大值0.41,最小值0.07土壤可蚀性高低与土壤侵蚀强度、海拔高度和坡度在空间分布上具有一定的规律性。Soil erodibility （the K factor in the Universal Soil Loss Equation,USLE） is an important index to measure soil susceptibility to water erosion, and an essential parameter needed for soil erosion evaluation and soil erosion prediction. Based on the second soil survey data, we established a database of soil properties of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. We used cubic spline interpolation to convert the soil texture, the EPIC model to calculate the soil species erodibility, and the area-weighted method to obtain the erodibility values of sub-class. After linking the K value of every soil subclass to the soil map, we got the spatial distribution characteristics of soil erodibility. The results showed that the mean value of soil erodibility was 0. 239 0,and the study area with lower erodibility,moderate erodibility and higher erodibility accounts for the main part, occupied 27.96%, 32.61% and 27.20% , respectively. Soil erodibility of the Hengduan Mountains, the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and the Three Gorges Reservoir area was significantly higher than Sichuan Basin. High erodibility soils mainly located in the upper Jialing River and the valleys of the Heng- Duan Mountains. The average value was 0. 239 0,the maximum value was 0.41 and the minimum value was 0.07. K value had a certain regularity with soil erosion intensity,elevation gradient and slope gradient.

关 键 词：土壤可蚀性 空间分异 地理信息系统 长江上游 

分 类 号：S15[农业科学—土壤学]