东海北部近海棘头梅童鱼食物组成的季节变化及随发育的变化  

Seasonal and ontogenetic diet composition variation of Collichthys lucidusin inshore waters in the north of East China Sea

作　　者：贺舟挺[1] 张亚洲[1] 薛利建[1] 金海卫[1] 周永东[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江省海洋水产研究所,浙江省海洋渔业资源可持续利用技术研究重点实验室,浙江舟山316100

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2012年第3期270-276,共7页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD43B01,2007BAD43B02);浙江省科技计划项目(2011F30001,2010F30001)

摘　　要：根据2006年7月～2008年12月采集于东海北部近海的棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)样品,共测定体长在23～157 mm范围内的棘头梅童鱼474 ind,应用卡方检验和聚类分析等方法,对棘头梅童鱼食物组成的季节变化及随个体发育的变化进行了分析。结果显示:东海北部近海棘头梅童鱼的食物种类夏季出现较多,春季出现较少;91～110 mm体长组出现较多,≤50 mm体长组和>130 mm体长组出现较少。食物多样性指数春季较高,秋季较低;≤50 mm体长组较低,>130 mm体长组较高,食物多样性指数随体长的增加而升高。卡方检验显示,棘头梅童鱼主要食物种类宽尾刺糠虾(Acanthomysis latiscauda)、中国毛虾(Aceteschinensis)、七星底灯鱼(Myctophum pterotum)和中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)的出现频率有极显著的季节变化,中华假磷虾(Pseudeuphausia sinica)的出现频率有显著的季节变化;宽尾刺糠虾和七星底灯鱼的出现频率随体长的变化极显著,而中国毛虾、中华假磷虾和中华哲水蚤的出现频率随体长的变化不显著。聚类分析结果表明,棘头梅童鱼春冬季、夏季和秋季三个时期的食物组成差异显著;体长聚类分两组,即体长>70 mm和≤70mm之间食物组成有明显差异。通过分析发现:东海北部近海棘头梅童鱼食物的季节变化与该海域饵料生物的季节变化密切相关;食物组成随发育的变化符合"最佳摄食理论",其饵料生物种类和大小随棘头梅童鱼体长的增加发生了显著的变化。From July 2006 to December 2008,a total of 474 Collichthys lucidus samples with body length of 23-157 mm were collected from the inshore of Zhoushan fishing ground and Yushan fishing ground,both located in the north of East China Sea.Based on stomach content analysis,seasonal and ontogenetic diet composition variations of C.lucidus were investigated by chi-squared test and cluster analysis.The number of prey species varied with the change of seasons and individual sizes,the maximum in summer and the minimum in spring,and the maximum was in size of 91-110 mm and the minimum was in size of ≤ 50 mm and 〉 130 mm.The food diversity index also varied with the change of seasons and individual sizes.the maximum was in spring and the minimum in autumn,and the maximum was in size of 〉 130 mm and the minimum was in size of ≤ 50 mm,the food diversity index increased with the increasing of body length.A chi-squared test revealed that the occurence frequency of Acetes chinensis,Myctophum pterotum,Acanthomysis latiscauda and Calanus sinicus showed extremely significant differences in seasons,and Pseudeuphausia sinica showed significant difference.The occurence frequency of Acanthomysis latiscauda,Myctophum pterotum showed extremely significant ontogenetic differences,but not significant in Acetes chinensis,Pseudeuphausia sinica,Calanus sinicus.Cluster analysis with seasons employing Euclidean distance index revealed three diet groups： one group consisted of specimens sampled in winter and spring,one in summer,and another in autumn.The diet composition showed significant differences in these three groups.Cluster analysis with ontogenetic revealed two major diet groups,one group consisted of specimens shorter than 70 mm,the other group longer than 70 mm.It can be concluded that seasonal diet composition variation of C.lucidus was closely related with prey variation in the same waters,and that ontogenetic diet composition variation was up to ＂optimal foraging theory ＂,the species and the sizes of prey showed extremel

关 键 词：东海北部 棘头梅童鱼 食物组成 季节变化 体长 

分 类 号：Q959.483[生物学—动物学]