训练监控方法与手段在花样游泳项目中的应用  

The Application of Training Monitoring in Synchronized Swimming

作　　者：徐建方[1] 张晓欢 冯连世[1] 路瑛丽[1] 张漓[1] 苑廷刚[1] 王娜 

机构地区：[1]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061 [2]国家花样游泳队,北京100763

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2012年第5期53-62,共10页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAK37B05);国家体育总局科研攻关与科技服务项目(10A070);国家体育总局体育科学研究所基本科研业务费资助项目(基本11-16)

摘　　要：从专项训练负荷、运动能力和训练方法入手,探讨训练监控常用方法与手段在花样游泳项目中的应用。研究对象为2006年11月—2010年6月进入国家队集训的运动员,年龄22.6±2.7岁。采用运动生理学、生物化学、生物力学和训练学手段,建立花样游泳项目专项训练负荷、运动能力和训练方法的监控指标体系并应用于训练实践。1)花样游泳项目专项训练负荷监控包括一组/成套动作、一日训练课、短/长周期训练负荷监控。其中,一组/成套动作训练负荷监控是训练量化的基础,利用心率、血乳酸、血氨和次日晨血清CK、尿液指标监控训练负荷强度;一堂训练课负荷监控主要利用血清CK、BU、晨脉、体重、尿液指标、Omega Wave等指标综合分析训练负荷强度、训练量和疲劳消除情况;短/长周期训练负荷监控主要利用血清CK、BU、T、C,WBC、RBC、Hb、Hct、晨脉、体重、体成分、尿液指标、Omega Wave、最大耗氧量、无氧功、肌力等指标,考察周期训练效果。2)花样游泳项目专项运动能力监控包括基础体能、专项体能和专项技术监控,以训练学指标为主,辅以运动生理生化指标。其中,基础体能主要从力量、速度、耐力、柔韧等方面进行监控;专项体能则结合花样游泳项目特点,对高强度有氧、憋气、踩水、耐乳酸、专项游等能力监控;专项技术监控则采用运动生物力学方法对花样游泳专项技术进行解析,分析动作的高度、速度、角度等以评价运动员专项运动能力。3)花样游泳项目专项训练方法监控采用训练学指标、辅以运动生理生化指标,考察专心训练方法是否符合训练目的,是否有利于提高运动员专项运动能力。This study is aimed to establish the special training monitoring system of synchronized swimming for the scientific level of the sports training.The research object are the athletes of swimming national synchronized team who are 22.6±2.7 years.We used the measures of sports physiology,sports biochemistry,sports biomechanics and exercise training to build the special training monitoring system of synchronized swimming.The system is consist of the training load,exercise capacity and training methods monitoring systems.The training load monitoring system include the analysis of the sets of actions training,one day training and short or long cycle training with using the heat rate,serum creatine kinase,body weight and component,hemoglobin,red blood cell,white blood cell,serum testosterone and cortisol and the index of urine and Omega Wave to evaluate the training load intensity and volume.The exercise capacity monitoring system is comprised of the monitoring of basic physical fitness,special sports force and skill and aimed to assess the special sports capacity of synchronized swimming athletes using the index of exercise training and sports physiology and biochemistry.The target of the training methods monitoring system is discover if the training method is in keeping with the aim of the training and if it is benefit of the improving of the sports capacity of the synchronized swimming athletes.

关 键 词：花样游泳 训练监控 运动能力 训练方法 训练负荷 

分 类 号：G804.7[文化科学—运动人体科学]