优秀短道速滑运动员500m赛后肌肉疲劳特征分析  

Analysis on Muscle Fatigue Characteristics of Excellent Short Track Speed Skating Athletes after 500 m Race

作　　者：刘春华[1] 常凤[1] 王春晓[1] 王琳娜[1] 高俊江[1] 姚世庆[1] 朱志强[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨体育学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150008

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2012年第5期63-68,80,共7页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2009BAK57B05)

摘　　要：运用爱沙尼亚产MYOTON肌肉疲乏测试系统对短道速滑运动员500m比赛后肌肉伸缩性、硬度、弹性进行测试,将运动员赛后数据与赛前12h数据进行对比,并与速度滑冰相同距离比赛运动员肌肉数据进行对比,分析专项疲劳特征,以便为教练员有针对性地安排肌肉恢复训练。根据专项动作结构及涉及肌群,选取了腓肠肌、胫骨前肌、腘绳肌、股直肌、股外侧肌、股内侧肌、臀大肌、腹直肌等8块最重要的肌肉测试。结果表明,短道速滑运动员在500m比赛后,专项动作涉及的8块肌肉的疲劳程度各不相同,与自身赛前安静状态相比,下肢小腿肌群疲劳更为明显。与速度滑冰相同距离比赛的运动员相比,腓肠肌、胫骨前肌、股外侧肌、腘绳肌、臀大肌疲劳程度更高。By applying the Estonia MYOTON muscle fatigue test system to measure the muscle tone,elasticity and stiffness of short track speed skating athletes after 500 m race,and compare the athletes’ data between after the race and 12 hours before the race,and compare the muscle data between speed skating athletes and short track speed skating athletes with the same distance.By analyzing the special muscle fatigue characteristics,in order to purposively arrange muscle recover training for coaches.According to special action structure and related muscle group,this paper chooses the eight important muscles：gastrocnemius,tibialis anterior,hamstrings,rectus femoris,vastus lateralis,vastus medialis,gluteus maximus,and rectus abdominis.The first test time is before sleeping on the day before race,and this time is over 8 hours distant from terminal time on the same day of ice special training.The second test time is on the moment of removing the ice skate blade after 500 m race,and this time is over 12 hours distant from the first test time.Athletes adopt clinostatism when testing,and make a sign on muscle belly of testing muscle,and choose the left muscle of crura muscle.When using MYOTON-3 muscle tester,adopt the method of continuous 10-times impact of each muscle,and use the average date of ten times’ measure date as the final parameter.After 500 meters race,the fatigue degree of the short track speed skating athletes’ eight important muscles,which related to special action,is different from each other.Comparing with the silent state before the race,it is obvious that muscle group of crura is more fatigued.Comparing with the speed skating athletes with the same distance,the fatigue degree of gastrocnemius,tibialis anterior,vastus lateralis,hamstrings and gluteus maximus is higher.

关 键 词：短道速滑 肌肉疲劳 肌肉检测 特征 

分 类 号：G862.1[文化科学—体育训练]