甲烷与二氧化碳催化重整制取合成气催化剂  

Catalysts for Carbon Dioxide Catalytic Reforming of Methane to Synthesis Gas

作　　者：王莉[1] 敖先权[1] 王诗瀚[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学化学与化工学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《化学进展》2012年第9期1696-1706,共11页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：贵州省自然科学基金项目(黔科合J字[2009]2239号);贵州大学引进人才基金项目(贵大人基合字[2008]022号)资助

摘　　要：甲烷自然资源丰富,并且也可利用生物质通过发酵制备,而将甲烷与二氧化碳催化重整制取合成气是同时利用两种温室气体的一条有效途径,对清洁能源和环保具有重大意义。近年来,由于该方法与其他技术相比具有较大优势,催化剂、反应机理及一些非常规手段的研究引起了科学界广泛关注。本文概述了近几年来甲烷与二氧化碳催化重整催化剂的活性组分、载体、助催化剂、催化剂积炭行为及制备方法等研究新进展,归纳了影响催化剂抗积炭能力的因素,重点介绍了负载型双金属催化剂、复合氧化物催化剂、介孔型催化剂、金属氧化物载体的活性及稳定性,催化剂制备方法对催化活性和抗积炭能力的影响,催化剂抗积炭方法及等离子体技术的应用等研究,包括普遍认为反应主要受到表面氧原子、表面氢原子与催化剂表面活性位三者影响的反应机理,并展望了双金属催化剂、钙钛矿型催化剂、介孔型催化剂及等离子体协同催化技术的应用及催化机理的研究等发展前景。The natural resources of methane are abundant,and methane also can be produced from biomass by fermentation process. It is an effective way to use two kinds of greenhouse gases simultaneously through preparation of synthesis gas by CH4-CO2 catalytic reforming, so this technique has a great significance to clean energy and environment protection. In recent years, a great attention has been paid to the catalysts, reaction mechanism and some unconventional means of this process due to their greater advantages compared to other methane conversion techniques. The recent studies in catalysts of this process including catalytic active components, supports, additives, carbon deposition of catalyst and catalyst preparation methods are reviewed in this paper. A series of influencing factors in the resistance to carbon deposition are summarized. The emphasis is on the activity and stability of supported bimetallic catalysts, metal composite oxide catalysts and metal oxide carrier, the influence of preparation methods on catalytic activity and the resistance to carbon deposition, as well as the method of catalyst resistance to carbon deposition and the plasma technologies for CH4-CO2 reforming. The reaction mechanism most researchers considered that the reaction process is principally affected by the surface oxygen atoms, surface hydrogen atoms and the catalyst surface actives, is introduced. of the bimetallic catalysts, the perovskite type catalysts, the catalysis technology and the study on the mechanism are given. Finally, the development trend and future prospects mesoporous type catalysts, the plasma synergetic

关 键 词：甲烷 二氧化碳 合成气 催化剂 反应机理 

分 类 号：O643.3[理学—物理化学] O612.4[理学—化学]