爱荷华博弈任务(IGT)与决策的认知神经机制  

Iowa Game Task and Cognitive Neural Mechanisms on Decision-making

作　　者：蔡厚德[1] 张权[2] 蔡琦[3] 陈庆荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学心理学院,南京210097 [2]南京农业大学工学院,南京210031 [3]南京师范大学数学科学学院,南京210097

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2012年第9期1401-1410,共10页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31100814)支持

摘　　要：爱荷华博弈任务(IGT)是一项检查情感性决策机制的常用实验范式。据此,Damasio等人提出了躯体标记假设(SMH)解释情绪影响决策的神经生理机制。近期,大量研究在IGT究竟是模糊决策还是风险决策、与情绪和认知的关系、与工作记忆和陈述性记忆的关系以及IGT的神经网络与分子遗传机制等方面积累了丰富资料。结果显示,IGT加工的早期由模糊决策主导,情绪性躯体信号对引导决策选项的偏好可能起关键作用,后期则倾向是一种风险决策,认知评价和预期对选项偏向逐渐占优势;IGT与工作记忆的加工成分有相互重叠,也需陈述性记忆的参与;IGT的加工不仅依赖于杏仁核、腹内侧前额皮层、眶额皮层等组成的情绪脑网络的活动,还与背外侧前额皮层、海马、腹侧纹状体、岛叶皮层、辅助运动前区、扣带回皮层等许多脑区的活动有关;COMT和5-HTT的基因多态性会调节IGT相关的决策加工。总之,IGT是一项需要多重神经系统协同活动的决策加工任务,且模糊与风险决策可能具有不同的遗传基础。Iowa game task （IGT） is a common paradigm for examining the mechanisms on affective decision-making. Damasio and his colleagues hereby proposed the somatic marker hypothesis （SMH） to explain the neurophysiological mechanisms for the effect of emotion on decision-making. Recently, a wealth of evidence have been accumulated on whether the IGT is an ambiguous or a risky decision-making task, the relationship between emotion and cognition during IGT, and its links to working memory and declarative memory, as well as its neural network and molecular genetic mechanism. An ambiguous decision-making process could be dominant and the emotional somatic signals might play a significant role for guiding the preference for decision-making options during the early stage. However, a risky decision-making process could tend to emerge and the cognitive evaluation and expectation might gradually become dominant during the later stage. The processing for IGT has overlapping components with working memory and could also need declarative memory. IGT depend not only on activation of the emotion brain network composed by amygdala, ventromedial prefrontal cortex （vmPFC）, orbitofrontal cortex （OFC）, but also involve in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex （dLPFC）, hippocampus, ventral striatum, insular cortex, pre-supplementary motor area （pre-SMA）, cingulate cortex. The decision-making processing during IGT could be modulated by gene polymorphisms of COMT and 5-HTT. In short, the decision-making related to IGT requires the orchestration of multiple neural systems, and decisions made under ambiguity and risky may involve different genetic basis.

关 键 词：爱荷华博弈任务 情感性决策 模糊与风险决策 工作记忆 陈述性记忆 躯体标记假设 认知神经机制 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C91[哲学宗教—心理学]