“自治主义马克思主义”的全景图绘  

Argument on Autonomist Marxism

作　　者：陈培永[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东行政学院哲学教研部,广东广州510053

出　　处：《学术月刊》2012年第9期56-64,共9页Academic Monthly

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"马克思的承认理论及其当代意义研究"(12YJC720004);江苏省社会科学基金项目"马克思的承认理论研究"(11MLC008)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：作为原产于战后意大利、走红于当代欧美学术界的一个国外马克思主义流派,"自治主义马克思主义"持之以恒的学术旨趣就是强调马克思历史辩证法的主体向度,坚信劳动相对于资本独立一极的本体地位,工人阶级相对于国家、政党、工会的自主地位,以及工人阶级自我组织和自我革命在资本主义发展中的决定性力量,从而致力于根据资本主义发展的现实背景,指认适应时代要求的革命主体,以对抗资本的逻辑和统治,其学说因此可以概括为"政治主体的建构学"。这门政治主体建构学说的理论源泉是马克思的经济学手稿尤其是《1857—1858年经济学手稿》,前提预设是资本与劳动的二元对立逻辑,核心内容是革命主体角色的重新确认,旨趣依归是设计革命策略颠覆资本的权力。在对马克思经济学手稿的政治哲学解读、对资本与劳动辩证法的重新诠释、对全球化资本主义现实的剖析、对新阶级主体及其革命策略的探讨等方面,"自治主义马克思主义"的理论颇具特色;但它过度诠释马克思的"政治向度",塑造出一个对抗至上、永恒革命、完全政治化的马克思主义,是一个危险的错误。As an academical school of Marxism abroad, originating in Italy after the World War Ⅱ , popular in contemporary Europe and America academic, ＂Autonomist Marxism＂ emphasizes subjective dimension in Marxian historical dialectics, convinces that labor relative to capital has the status of an independent pole, working class relative to the state, political party and the labor unions has autonomical status, and working class＇s self-organizing and self-revolution has the decisive power in the capitalist development, and dedicates to identi{ying revolutionary subjects according to the reality of capitalist development to counter the logic of capital and domination. So the doctrine can be summarized as ＂the theory about political subject constructing＂. In respect of the political reading of Marxist economics, re-interpreting dialectics of the capital and labor, the analysis of the global capitalism, the discussion of new class subject and revolutional strategy, Autonomist Marxism ischaracteristic, but it interprets excessively Marx＇s ＂political dimension＂, shaping a completely political Marxism, and it is a dangerous mistake.

关 键 词：奈格里 自治主义马克思主义 政治主体的建构学 

分 类 号：B089.1[哲学宗教—哲学理论]