中国水排污许可证制度的定位及改革建议  

Proposal for Reform and Role of Wastewater Discharge Permit System in China

作　　者：宋国君[1] 韩冬梅[2] 王军霞[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学环境政策与环境规划研究所,北京100872 [2]河北大学经济学院,河北保定071002 [3]中国环境监测总站,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2012年第9期1071-1076,共6页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2008ZX07633-04)

摘　　要：从点源控制的基本目标出发,按照命令控制型政策的特点和要求,对排污许可证制度重新进行了定位;采用环境政策分析的一般方法,借鉴美国和中国台湾地区的相关经验,分析了我国排污许可证制度存在的问题.研究指出,排污许可证制度是点源排放控制的最基本、最核心的手段,同时也是其他政策手段的"载体";我国现有的水污染排放许可证制度尚不符合命令控制型政策的要求;存在相关政策间缺乏协调、政府和企业环境管理能力不足、缺乏专业人才等问题,因此,无法保障点源的连续达标排放.需要尽快改革我国的水污染物排放许可证制度,尽快出台实施该制度的专门条例、建立排污许可证制度的分级管理体制、制订实施技术规范、进行基于排污许可证制度的政策整合、培养管理相关人才及建立排污许可证制度的评估、更新和完善机制.According to the primary objective of point source pollution control and the requirements of command-and-control policy, reforms to the wastewater discharge permit system in China are proposed. Experiences from the United States and China＇s Taiwan are used as references during the analysis. The results show that the water discharge permit is the most basic means for point source pollution control, and it is the foundation of other policies or measures. The current Chinese wastewater discharge permit system does not meet the principles of command-and-control policy. Because the relevant policies are not coordinated, the management abilities of government and enterprises are not strong enough, and the professional capacity is not sufficient. Therefore, it is very difficult to guarantee that the discharge can continuously meet the standards. It is proposed that the Chinese wastewater discharge permit system be reformed as soon as possible. Specific regulations for wastewater discharge permit system should be issued, a multilevel management system should be established, specific technical guidelines should be formulated, integrated policies based on the permit system should be promoted and the capacity for implementation, enforcement, evaluation and self-improvement should be built.

关 键 词：排污许可证制度 水污染源 连续达标排放 

分 类 号：X32[环境科学与工程—环境工程]