美沙酮维持治疗者心理状况及求医方式分析  

The analysis of the psychologic status and help-seeking style of the patients with methadone maintenance treatment

作　　者：张宝华[1] 徐广明[2] 于晶妮 柴萌[1] 王金童[1] 李惠惠[1] 孔永彪 陈静医 张勇[2] 

机构地区：[1]天津市公安局安康医院,天津300240 [2]天津市精神卫生中心

出　　处：《中国民康医学》2012年第16期1936-1939,共4页Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Health

摘　　要：目的:调查美沙酮维持治疗者心理状况及求医方式,探索心理异常的相关因素。方法:采用回顾性研究,调查美沙酮维持治疗者自杀意念和求医方式;利用成瘾严重度指数问卷(the addiction severity Index,ASI)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、焦虑问卷(HAMA)和McGill疼痛问卷(McGill pain questionnaire,MPQ)对有或无心理问题维持治疗者进行评估,比较两组上述方面的差异。结果:①319例美沙酮维持治疗者在过去1年有自杀或自伤意念占4.7%,在过去1个月有自杀或自伤意念占2.9%。②54例美沙酮维持治疗者存在心理问题,发生率为16.9%,主要表现为抑郁和焦虑情绪;77.8%的患者从未因心理问题求助。③对有无心理问题者两组比较,有心理问题组躯体健康(0.28±0.20)、家庭或社会关系(0.32±0.18)、精神健康(0.38±0.21)、HAMD(4.60±2.32)、HAMA(3.25±2.05)、疼痛总分(3.87±1.42)以及疼痛情感(2.87±1.82)得分均高于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。相关分析显示心理问题严重度与家庭或社会关系(r=-0.409)存在负相关关系,与躯体健康(r=0.530)、物质滥用(r=0.402)、HAMD(r=0.561)、HAMA(r=0.436)以及疼痛得分(r=0.473)存在正相关关系(P<0.05),未发现与酒精滥用、就业/支持、违法犯罪等存在相关关系。结论:美沙酮维持治疗者心理问题突出,求医方式值得关注。Objective：To investigate the psychologic status and help-seeking style of the patients with methadone maintenance treatment（MMT）,explore the relative factors of abnormal psychology.Methods：By the retrospective study,suicide ideation and help-seeking style of the patients with methadone maintenance treatment were investigated.The patients with methadone maintenance treatment who have or no psychological problems were evaluated with ASI,HAMD,HAMA and MPQ,and compared the difference between two groups.Results：4.7% and 2.9% of 319 patients with MMT had suicide ideation or self-harm attempt in the past year and in the past month respectively.54 patients with MMT had psychological problem（16.9%）,mainly showed depressive and anxious emotion;77.8% of the patients had never because of psychological problems for help.The scores of physical health（0.28±0.20）,family or social relationships（0.32±0.18）,mental health（0.38±0.21）,HAMD（4.60±2.32）,HAMA（3.25±2.05）,pain（3.87±1.42） and emotional（2.87±1.82） in psychological problems group were higher than that in control group,there were significant differences（P〈0.05）.Furthermore,correlation analysis showed the negative correlate between the psychological severity and family or social relationships（r=-0.409）,showed positive correlate between psychological severity and physical health（r=0.530）,substance abuse（r=0.402）,HAMD（r=0.561）,HAMA（r=0.436） and pain（r=0.473）（P〈0.05）.Conclusion：The addiction severity of patients with MMT may be related to the psychological problem.

关 键 词：美沙酮维持治疗 心理状况 求医方式 

分 类 号：R395.2[哲学宗教—心理学]