施氮量和种植密度对迟直播油菜产量、品质及氮肥利用率的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates and Planting Density on Yield,Quality and Nitrogen Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.) under Delayed Sowing Condition

作　　者：吴永成[1,2] 陈天才[1] 彭海浪[1] 张旭[1] 邹正[1] 牛应泽[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院 [2]农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,四川成都611130

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2012年第4期1320-1325,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系四川油菜创新团队;四川省"十二五"农作物育种攻关栽培课题

摘　　要：为构建适宜油菜机收的高产群体结构,在四川成都平原区进行了迟直播油菜不同施氮量(0～360 kg/hm2N)和种植密度(15×104～45×104株/hm2)田间试验。结果表明,增施氮肥显著或明显增加直播油菜的株高、一次分枝高度、一次分枝数和单株角果数;随着种植密度的加大,一次分枝高度明显增高,一次分枝数和单株角果数均明显减少,株高有所降低。随着施氮量的增加,单位面积角果数、籽粒产量明显增多和提高,氮肥农学效率(ANUE,12.0～5.5 kg/kgN)、氮肥偏生产力(PFPN,27.9～9.4 kg/kg N)明显降低,氮肥对产量的贡献率(NRC,42.9%～57.8%)则呈提高趋势。较高的种植密度(30×104～45×104株/hm2)可以明显增加迟直播油菜的籽粒产量。增施氮肥可明显提高油菜籽粒蛋白质含量(%),亚麻酸含量(%)也有所上升,但含油量、油酸和亚油酸含量(%)有所降低。种植密度对油菜籽粒品质影响较小。因此,对于迟直播油菜,采用较高的种植密度(30～45万株/hm2),掌握合理的施氮量(180 kg/hm2N)有利于直播油菜的高产优质高效。In order to establish a high yield population structure suitable for mechanical harvest,the field experiments were conducted in Chengdu plain to study the effects of different nitrogen（N） fertilizer rates（0-360 kg/hm2 N） and planting density（15×104-45×104 plant/hm2） on the rapeseed（Brassica napus L.）under delayed sowing condition.The results showed that the plant height,height of the first branch,number of primary branches and number of pods per plant increased significantly with the increase of N fertilizer application rates.With the increase of planting density,height of the first branch increased obviously,and the number of primary branches and pods per plant decreased clearly,but only the plant height decreased slightly.Both pod number and yield per unit area increased obviously with the increase of N fertilizer application rates,but the agronomic N fertilizer use efficiency（ANUE,12.0-5.5 kg/kg N） and partial factor productivity of applied N fertilizer（PFPN,27.9-9.4 kg/kg N） decreased clearly.There was a tendency of the increase of nitrogen fertilizer contribution rate（NRC,42.9 %-57.8 %） to yield with the increase of N fertilizer application rates.The yield of planting density（30×10^4-45×10^4 plant/hm^2）under delayed sowing condition in rapeseed was higher than that of conventional planting density（15×10^4 plant/hm^2） under direct-sown rapeseed.With the increase of N fertilizer application rates,rapeseed protein content（%）enhanced obviously,while lenolenic acid（%）increased a little,but oil content（%）,oleic acid（%） and linoleic acid（%）decreased.The effect of planting density on quality was small.In conclusion,higher planting density（30×10^4-45×10^4 plant/hm^2）would be favorable to the rapeseed under delayed sowing condition,and reasonable N fertilizer application rate（180 kg/hm^2 N） would be favorable to higher yield,higher nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and good quality of direct-sown rapeseed.

关 键 词：油菜 施氮量 种植密度 产量 品质 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]