铁路企业化学毒物检测结果与职工健康监护分析  

Chemical toxicants detection results and analysis of worker health surveillance in railway enterprises

作　　者：辛鹏[1] 陶明锐 兰天翔[1] 范长义 

机构地区：[1]济南铁路局疾病预防控制中心公共卫生监测与评价科,山东省济南市250001

出　　处：《职业与健康》2012年第18期2219-2221,共3页Occupation and Health

基　　金：济南铁路局科研基金资助(项目编号:2010Z11)

摘　　要：目的了解铁路企业毒物危害因素分布情况,掌握有害接触危害因素职工的健康状况,探讨毒物对铁路职工的健康影响及变化趋势,为制定相应干预措施提供依据。方法采用普查的方法,收集济南铁路局毒物危害因素检测资料和接害职工健康监护资料以及调查铁路企业采取的有毒有害作业防治措施,分析防治措施存在的不足,提出改进措施。结果铁路企业主要毒物有铅及其化合物、锰及其化合物、二氧化硫、氮氧化合物等14余种,涉及20种以上工作岗位。145个毒物固定作业点中,经营集团构成比最高,占35.17%;车务部门构成比最低,占0.69%;其次工务部门、车辆部门、机务部门、电务部门构成比分别占22.76%、18.62%、17.24%、5.52%。检测总达标率为88.28%,其中1级毒物检测达标率最高,为92.45%;2～4级毒物检测达标率呈降低趋势,4级毒物检测达标率最低,为80.00%。调查接害的3 925名职工中,血液检测中高血脂检出率最高,为30.47%;高血糖检出率最低,为6.52%。B超检查中脂肪肝检出率最高,为32.05%;胆囊炎检出率最低,为1.58%。心血管检查,高血压检出率最高,为19.29%;早搏检出率最低,为1.63%。结论铁路企业毒物作业点检测达标率较高,但仍存在超标作业点的情况,须加强监管。铁路企业职工长期接触职业病危害因素,健康可能受到一定的影响,应进一步加强卫生防护。[ Objective] To understand the distribution of toxicant factors in railway enterprises, to master the health status of work- ers exposed to occupational hazards, to discuss the effect of toxicants on health of railway workers and its trend, and provide evi- dence for developing intervention measures. [ Methods ] By survey method, the poison hazards detection information and health care information of workers exposed to hazards were collected, as well as the investigation of toxic and hazardous operations control meas- ures taken by railway companies. The shortcomings of the control measures were analyzed, and improvement measures are pro- posed. [Results] The main toxicants of the railway enterprises were lead and its compounds , manganese and its compounds, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and other 10 kinds, involving more than 20 kinds of jobs. Of 145 fixed poison operating points, the operat- ing groups had 35.17% { the highest constituent ratio）, followed by works departments, the department of vehicles, maintenance department, electricity department, department constitute ratio, representing 22.76%, 18.62%, 17.24% and 5.52%, respective- ly, bus services sectors had 0.69% （the lowest constituent ratio}. The overall compliance rate was88.28%, among which Class A toxmant detecuon had the highest compliance rate of 92.45% ; the compliance rate of Class B to D showed decreasing tendency; class D toxicant detection had the lowest compliance rate of 80.00%.. The investigation on 3 925 employees with occupational haz- ards exposure showed the abnormal rate of high blood cholesterol had a maximum of 30.47% and high glucose had the lowest rate of 6.52% in blood tests. Fatty liver had the highest detection rate of 32.05% and cholecystitis had the lowest abnormal rate of 1.58% in ultrasound examination. In cardiovascular examination, hypertension had the highest detection rate of 19.29%, prema- ture beat had minimum detection rate of 1.63%. [ Conclusion] The qualified rate of poison operating points is high in railw

关 键 词：铁路 毒物 检测 接触 健康监护 调查 

分 类 号：R135.1[医药卫生—劳动卫生]