水氮耦合对冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性及产量的影响  

Coupling of Water and Nitrogen on Wheat Grain Filling Characteristics and Yield

作　　者：李娜娜[1] 谢迎新[1,2] 朱云集[1] 王晨阳[1] 郭天财[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学,国家小麦工程技术研究中心,郑州450002 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,南京210008

出　　处：《河南科学》2012年第9期1229-1233,共5页Henan Science

基　　金："十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD04B07);973计划项目(2009CB118602);土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室开放课题(0812201240);农业部公益性行业计划项目(201203079;201203096)

摘　　要：在大田试验条件下,以冬小麦矮抗58为材料,在小麦生育期不灌水(W0)和拔节期灌水(W1)两个水分处理下,研究了不施氮肥(N0),180 kg/hm(2N1),240 kg/hm(2N2),300 kg/hm(2N3)4个施氮水平对冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性和产量的影响.结果表明:拔节期灌水处理小麦籽粒产量、氮肥农学利用效率明显高于不灌水处理,但灌水处理水分利用效率明显低于不灌水处理.相同水分处理下,不同施氮处理之间存在明显差异,且均以240 kg/hm2施氮处理产量最高.研究还发现,在拔节期灌水处理条件下,小麦籽粒灌浆后期存在"灌浆小高峰"现象,这可为最终提高籽粒千粒重,进而提高小麦籽粒产量奠定基础.综上所述,适宜的水分处理和合理的施氮量有利于提高小麦产量和水、氮利用效率.Under field conditions, effects of water and nitrogen on grain filling characteristics and yield of winter wheat were studied. The results showed that grain yield, agronomic nitrogen use efficiency with one time irrigation treatment at wheat jointing stage was significantly higher than that of no irrigation treatment. However, water use efficiency with irrigation treatment was significantly lower than no irrigation treatment. Under the same water application condition, there were significantly differences among nitrogen treatments, and the highest yield was N2 treatment, with nitrogen application 240 kg/hm2. In addition, the studies also showed that ＂grouting small peak＂ phenomenon was found at the later wheat grain filling stage in irrigation treatment conditions,which could increase 1000-grain weight for increasing grain yield. In conclusion, suitable irrigation treatment and reasonable nitrogen fertilization application would help to increase wheat yield and use efficiency of water and nitrogen.

关 键 词：水氮耦合 冬小麦 籽粒灌浆 产量 

分 类 号：S365[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S512.11[农业科学—农艺学]