中国典型城市机动车排放演变趋势  

Trends in vehicular emissions in typical cities in China

作　　者：姚志良[1] 张明辉[1] 王新彤[2] 张英志[2] 霍红[3] 贺克斌[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京工商大学食品学院,北京100048 [2]清华大学环境学院,北京100084 [3]清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2012年第9期1565-1573,共9页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41005068)

摘　　要：选择中国12个典型城市建立1990~2009年机动车排放清单,分析各城市机动车排放历史演变趋势.结果显示,1990~2009年,研究各城市CO、VOCs、NOx和PM排放因子分别降低57%~81%、53%~78%、22%~74%和31%~76%.20年间,各城市CO和VOCs排放量总体在2000年后陆续达到增长峰值后开始下降,总量分别增长1.0倍和1.4倍;NOx和PM排放量总体保持持续增长,分别增长3.2倍和3.3倍.各城市汽油车是CO和VOCs排放主要贡献源,LDA-G、MDTB-G和HDTB-G对各城市机动车CO和VOCs排放的贡献和分别为约70%~90%和约50%~85%,其中LDA-G的排放贡献明显提高.LDA-G、MDTB-G、MDTB-D和HDTB-D贡献了80%~90%的NOx排放,其中MDTB-D和HDTB-D的排放贡献率从平均57.8%上升为72.7%.对于PM,MDTB-D和HDTB-D占排放的70%~90%.此外,部分城市摩托车排放的贡献不容忽视.Vehicular emissions inventories from 1990 to 2009 in the 12 typical cities selected in China were calculated. The vehicular emissions trends in each city were analyzed on the basis of simulation results. The results showd that, during 1990 and 2009, the CO, VOCs, NOx and PM emission factors in 12 cities reduced by 57%-81%, 53%-78%, 22%-74% and 31%-76%, respectively. CO and VOCs emissions were observed a significant growth from 1990 to 2000, and then presented a decrease trend. NOx and PM emissions showed continued growth trend in most cities. Compared to the levels in 1990, CO, VOCs, NOx and PM emissions of the 12 cities in 2009 increased by 1.0, 1.4, 3.2 and 3.3 times, respectively. Gasoline vehicles were the major source of CO and VOCs emissions. LDA-G, MDTB-G and HDTB-G contributed 70%-90% and 50%-85% to CO and VOCs emissions, and the share of LDA-G increased significantly from 1990 to 2000. LDA-C, MDTB-G, MDTB-D and HDTB-D contribute 80%-90% to NOx emissions, and the contribution of MDTB-D and HDTB-D increased from 57.8% to 72.7% on average. MDTB-D and HDTB-D were responsible for 70%-90% of PM emissions. In addition, the contribution of motorcycles should not be neglected in several cities.

关 键 词：机动车 排放清单 排放特征 城市尺度 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]