香港巨牡蛎与长牡蛎种间杂交及早期杂种优势分析  

Analysis of the early heterosis for interspecific hybrids between Crassostrea hongkongensis and C. gigas

作　　者：张跃环[1] 王昭萍[1] 闫喜武[2] 苏家齐[1] 张辉[2] 姚托[1] 霍忠明[1] 于瑞海[1] 杨鹏[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学教育部海水养殖重点实验室,山东青岛266003 [2]大连海洋大学水产与生命学院,辽宁省贝类良种繁育工程技术研究中心,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《水产学报》2012年第9期1358-1366,共9页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31172403);国家重点基础研究发展规(2010CB126406)

摘　　要：为测定香港巨牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis♀×C.hongkongensis♂)、长牡蛎自繁家系(C.gigas♀×C.gigas♂)及其两者种间杂交家系(C.hongkongensis♀×C.gigas♂)子代的早期表型性状,评估种间杂种潜力,分析早期种间杂种优势,实验于2010年7月,采用1雄对3雌的巢式设计建立了9个香港巨牡蛎自繁家系(Crassostrea hongkongensis♀×C.hongkongensis♂)(HH11、HH12、HH13……HH33)、9个长牡蛎自繁家系(C.gigas♀×C.gigas♂)(GG11、GG12、GG13……GG33)及45个种间杂交家系(C.hongkongensis♀×C.gigas♂)(HG11、HG12、HG13……HG153)。结果发现,种间杂交家系受精率及孵化率平均水平的杂种潜力hp<-1,表现出显著的杂种劣势;出现了一定程度的种间配子不兼容现象,而且存在着显著的个体间差异。从其总体水平上看,幼虫生长性状的杂种潜力hp<-1,表现出显著的杂种劣势,出现了远交衰退现象;幼虫存活性状的杂种潜力hp在-1～1之间,虽然具有正向优势,但达不到显著标准;幼虫变态率的杂种潜力hp>1,表现出显著的杂种优势。To improve the oyster phenotypic character,9 Crassostrea gigas families（HHl,, HH,2, HH,3 HH33 ） ,9 C. hongkongensis families （ GGH , GG12, GG13 GG33 ） and 45 interspecific hybrid families （ C. hongkongensis 9 x C. gigas ？3 ） （HGH , HG12, HG13 HG153 ） were established by the method of unbalanced nest design（one male to three female）in July 2010. Moreover, their early phenotypic character, heterosis potence and heterosis were examined under the identical conditions. These results show that the hybrid weakness of fertilization and hatching levels （hp 〈 - 1 ） were observed among interspecific hybrid families due to the gametal incompatibility and individual variation. On the whole, the outbreeding depression of larvae growth was observed with the significant hybrid weakness （ hp 〈 - 1 ） ; the heterosis potence of larval survival ranged from - 1 to 1, and survival advantage occurred without the remarkable level; the significantly metamorphic heterosis （hp 〉 I ）was investigated during the planktonic stage. Cytology and molecular biology of interspecific hybridization were further researched on the base of numerous hybrids with genetic information.

关 键 词：香港巨牡蛎 长牡蛎 种间杂交 杂种潜力 杂种优势 

分 类 号：Q321.2[生物学—遗传学] S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]