膜结构的概念设计与形态优化  

Conceptual design and optimization of membrane structures

作　　者：武岳[1] 伞冰冰[2] 孙晓颖[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学土木工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150090 [2]河海大学土木与交通学院,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《空间结构》2012年第3期35-40,共6页Spatial Structures

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51108159)

摘　　要：膜结构是一种建筑与结构完美融合的结构形式,"形"和"态"是膜结构设计中的重要概念.为实现形态设计的合理性,国内外学者已开展了大量研究,提出多种形态分析方法.但是形态分析并不等同于形态设计,要实现设计合理性还需要在概念设计和分析结果优化两方面开展工作.本文首先介绍了一些典型膜结构的建筑造型和力学特点,探讨了膜结构概念设计的一些基本原则;然后提出了以"刚度最大"、"受荷后应力分布最均匀"和"支反力最小"为优化目标的基于遗传算法的膜结构多目标形态优化方法;最后应用该方法对几种典型的膜结构进行了形态优化分析,得到了一些可用于指导膜结构概念设计的参数较优取值范围.Membrane structure is a kind of structure which combines aesthetic shape and structural performance perfectly. Shape and force are important concepts in the design proeedure of membrane structures. To realize rationality of shape-force of membrane structures, extensive research has been carried out and some shape-force analysis methods have been proposed. However, the shape-force analysis is not equal to shape-force design. To improve the rationality of membrane structure furthermore, conceptual design and optimization study should be carried out. In this paper, both architectural and mechanical properties of several typical membrane structures are introduced, on the basis of which some basic principles of conceptual design are discussed. Then a multi-objective optimization method based on the genetic algorithm is proposed, taking maximization of stiffness, most uniform distribution of stress and minimum reactions as optimization objectives. Using the proposed optimization method, several typical membrane structures are optimized and the optimal structure parameters are obtained, which can be applied to guide the conceptual design of membrane structures.

关 键 词：膜结构 概念设计 形态优化 遗传算法 

分 类 号：TU383[建筑科学—结构工程]