工作场所粉尘中游离二氧化硅含量焦磷酸测定法的影响因素  

Interferences in determination of free silica in dust of workplaces with pyrophosphoric acid method

作　　者：徐彦 于会明[1] 于冬雪[1] 顾竹琳 马岩 孙玉凤 王静[1] 苏红[1] 

机构地区：[1]鞍山钢铁集团公司劳动卫生研究所,辽宁鞍山114044

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2012年第5期262-265,共4页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：目的准确测定工作场所粉尘中游离二氧化硅含量,为评价粉尘危害提供可靠依据。方法用改进后的焦磷酸法对普通玻璃、硬质玻璃、石英玻璃、硅胶、硅藻土、焦磷酸难溶矿物,包括黄玉、刚玉、锆英石、绿柱石、电气石、碳化硅以及方石英和鳞石英进行实验分析,研究其在焦磷酸和氢氟酸中的溶解对游离二氧化硅定量测定的影响,以及石英在焦磷酸中的损失对游离二氧化硅定量测定的影响。结果粉尘中含有普通玻璃、硅胶、黄玉、刚玉、锆英石时,不影响粉尘中游离二氧化硅含量的测定,而硬质玻璃、石英玻璃、硅藻土、绿柱石、电气石、碳化硅的存在则影响游离二氧化硅的测定结果,方石英和磷石英在焦磷酸中的溶解损失影响耐火材料和陶瓷生产等工业粉尘中游离二氧化硅含量的测定,石英溶解损失也对游离二氧化硅测定存在影响。结论明确某些物质对工作场所粉尘中游离二氧化硅含量测定的影响,从而对游离二氧化硅在工作场所粉尘中的存在状况做出正确判断。Objective To accurately determine the free silica content in settled dust of workplaces so as to provide reliable criteria for assessing the dust hazard. Methods Ordinary glass, hard glass, quartz glass, silica gel, diatomaceous earth, and pyrophosphoric acid slightly or hardly soluble minerals including topaz, corundum, zircon, beryl, tourmaline, silicon carbide, cristobalite and tridymite were analyzed by modified pyrophosphoric acid method. The impact of their solution in pyrophosphoric acid and hydrofluoric acid on the determination of free silica was studied. The impact of quartz loss in pyrophosphoric acid on the determination of free silica was also studied. Results Results showed that ordinary glass, silica gel, topaz, corundum, and zircon did not affect the determination of free silica content, whereas hard glass, quartz glass, diatomaceous earth, beryl, tourmaline, and silicon carbide coexisted in the dust affected the results of the determination of free silica. The solution loss of cristobalite and tridymite in pyrophoric acid affected the measurement of free silica content in the dusts generated from such as refractory materials and ceramic production. The quartz solution loss also affected the quantitative determination of free silica. Conclusions The experimental findings clarify effects of some materials on the determination of free silica in the dust of workplaces; correct evaluation about the existence of free silica in the dust of workplaces could thereby be made.

关 键 词：工作场所 粉尘 游离二氧化硅 影响因素 

分 类 号：R134[医药卫生—劳动卫生]