不同腐解方式下棉秆腐解液对棉花枯、黄萎病菌的化感效应  

Allelopathy of Different Decomposed Liquids of Cotton Stalk on Fusarium oxysporum and Verticillium dahliae

作　　者：张琴[1,2] 李艳宾[1,2] 滕立平[3] 岳静[1] 

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学生命科学学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]塔里木大学新疆生产建设兵团塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300 [3]塔里木大学植物科学学院,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2012年第9期1696-1701,共6页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30960071)

摘　　要：采用自然腐解与接种微生物人工腐解两种方式分别处理棉秆,研究了两种腐解物水浸提液对棉花枯、黄萎病菌的化感效应。结果显示,两种腐解液对枯、黄萎病菌的菌丝生长及孢子萌发均具有较强的抑制作用,抑制强度整体上随着腐解液浓度的升高而增大。棉秆自然腐解液对枯、黄萎病菌菌丝生长的最大抑制率分别为58.17%、48.16%,对孢子萌发的最大抑制率分别为23.29%、16.22%,对枯、黄萎病菌毒力的有效中浓度(EC50)分别为33.20、45.20g·L-1;人工腐解液对枯、黄萎病菌菌丝生长的最高抑制率分别为71.63%、79.04%,对孢子萌发的最高抑制率分别为35.45%、42.74%,EC50分别为24.18、20.75g·L-1。表明棉秆腐解后具有作为植物源抑菌剂的开发潜力,并且采用人工方式腐解棉秆能有效提高腐解液对棉花枯、黄萎病菌的抑制强度。In this study, two patterns of decomposition, naturally decomposing and decomposition by inoculating special decomposing strain, were applied to decompose cotton stalk, and allelopathy of the decomposed liquids on Fusarium oxysporum and Verticillium dahliae were studied. The results revealed that both of the decomposed liquids strongly inhibited hypha growth, as well as spore germination of Fusarium oxysporum and Verticillium dahliae, and the inhibitory level increased with the increasing of the decomposed liquid concentrations. As for the effects of the cotton stalk natural decomposed liquids examined, the highest inhibition rates on hypha growth of Fusarium oxysporum and Verticillium dahliae were 58.17% and 48.16%, and the highest inhibition rates on spore germination of these two pathogens were 23.29% and 16.22%, while the median effect concentration（EC50）of toxicity to them were 33.20 g·L-1 and 45.20 g·L-1, respectively; as for the effects of the microbial decomposed liquids examined, the values for the above parameters to the same two pathogens were 71.63% and 79.04% ; 35.45% and 42.74%; and 24.18 g·L-1 and 20.75 g·L-1 , respectively. It was indicated that decomposed cotton stalk possessed the potential to be botanical fungicide. Furthermore, in this case microbial decomposed cotton stalk could effectively enhance the inhibition of decomposed liquids on Fusarium oxysporum and Verticillium dahliae.

关 键 词：棉秆 腐解液 腐解方式 化感效应 棉花枯萎菌 棉花黄萎菌 

分 类 号：X712[环境科学与工程—环境工程]