蒿属植物的农药活性及其有效成分  

Pesticidal Activities and Active Ingredients of Artemisia

作　　者：周利娟[1] 桑晓清[1] 孙永艳[1] 杨文杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学亚热带农业生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,广东广州510642

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2012年第4期699-705,723,共8页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31000870)

摘　　要：综述了蒿属植物的杀虫、杀螨、杀菌、除草、杀线虫和杀软体动物活性及相应的有效成分。该属中具有杀虫杀螨活性的主要有黄花蒿、野艾蒿、苦艾、蒌蒿、毛莲蒿、西南牡蒿、大籽蒿、猪毛蒿、茵陈蒿、蒙古蒿、巴儿古津蒿、南亚蒿、犹地蒿和Artemisia monosperma等,其主要有效成分是桉树脑、龙脑、樟脑、石竹烯、异石竹烯和β-法呢烯等。该属中具有杀菌活性的主要有黄花蒿、银叶艾蒿、湿地蒿、苦艾、阿拉伯艾蒿、牛蒿、犹地蒿、巴儿古津蒿、蒌蒿、宽叶山蒿和Artemisia molinieri,其主要有效成分是樟脑、桉树脑、龙脑、类黄酮、烯烃、萜烃、烷烃和有机酸等。该属中具有除草活性的主要有魁蒿、油蒿、灰孢蒿、黄花蒿、三齿蒿、猪毛蒿和牛蒿,其主要有效成分是桉树脑、樟脑、蒿乙醚、单萜和倍半萜类化合物。苦艾具有杀线虫活性。具有杀软体动物活性的主要有苦艾和狭叶青蒿。其中的黄花蒿、苦艾、猪毛蒿、巴儿古津蒿和犹地蒿等活性多样,在植物性农药领域值得进一步研究和开发。Recent studies on pesticidal activities and the corresponding active ingredients of Artemisia are presented. Artemisia annua, Artemisia lavandulaefolia, Artemisia absinthium, Artemisia selengensis, Artemisia vestita, Artemisia parviflora, Artemisia sieversiana, Artemisia scoparia, Artemisia capillarie, Artemisia mongolica, Artemisia borealis, Artemisia nilagirica, Artemisia monosperma and Artemisia judaica possess insecticidal activities and the main active ingredients are cineole, borneol, camphor, caryophyllene, isoaryophyllene and farnesene. Artemisia annua, Artemisia ludoviciana, Artemisia tournefortiana, Artemisia absinthium, Artemisia herba alba , Artemisia taurica , Artemisia judaica , Artemisia borealis , Artemisia molinieri , Artemisia stolonifera show fungicidal activities and the main active ingredients are camphor, cineole, borneol, flavonoids, olefins, terpene hydrocarbons, alkanes and organic acids. Artemisia roxburghiana ,Artenisia annua, Artemisia herbicide activities and the main active ingredients Artemisia caerulescens subsp, gallica, Artemisia ordosica, tridentate, Artemisia scoparia and Artemisia taurica exhibit quiterpenes. Artemisia absinthium shows nematicidal are cineole, camphor, arteether, monoterpenes and sesactivity. Artemisia absinthium and Artemisia dracunculus have mollusicidal activities. In all, Artemisia annua, Artemisia absinthium, Artemisia borealis and Artemisia judaica show multiple activities and may be used as botanical pesticides.

关 键 词：蒿属 农药活性 有效成分 

分 类 号：S482.1[农业科学—农药学]