氮肥用量对江淮粳稻稻米品质及主要矿质元素含量的影响  

Impacts of nitrogen application amounts on grain quality and mineral elements concentrations of Japonica rice in Jianghuai River area

作　　者：杨世佳[1] 韩证仿[2] 刘美佳[1] 张明乾[1] 杨冰[1] 张卫建[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学应用生态研究所,江苏南京210095 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所农业部作物生理生态重点实验 [3]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所农业部作物生理生态重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2012年第4期703-708,共6页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项;国家“十二五”科技支撑计划课题(2011BAD16B14)

摘　　要：通过田间试验,研究了3个氮肥水平下(0 kg/hm2、150 kg/hm2、300 kg/hm2)江淮粳稻(镇稻88、南粳44)主要稻米品质指标和精米中主要矿质元素含量的变化。结果表明,氮肥用量对稻米主要品质指标和矿质元素含量的影响显著,两个品种的变化趋势基本一致。随着氮肥用量的增加,水稻的出糙率、精米率、整精米率、垩白大小、垩白米率、垩白度均呈现下降趋势,但米粒的长宽比升高,外观品质改善的效应高于加工品质的下降效应,且在高氮水平下,整精米率、垩白米率显著下降,长宽比显著增加。籽粒中直链淀粉含量随氮肥用量的增加而下降,而蛋白质含量相反,且在高氮水平下,蛋白质含量明显提高。精米中的主要矿质元素(Mg、Ca、P、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu)含量,除Mn之外,均随施氮水平的提高而呈现下降趋势,但有些矿质元素受到氮肥的影响程度因品种而异。上述结果表明,施氮量增加,将影响稻米的加工品质和矿质营养水平,但外观品质可以得到明显改善。在施氮水平确定中,不仅要考虑水稻高产与氮肥高效的协调,还应该兼顾产量与矿质营养品质的同步提高!。Field experiments on two Japonica rice varieties （Zhendao 88 and Nanjing 44） were conducted to study the impacts of nitrogen （N） application amounts （0 kg/hm^2, 150 kg/hm^2, 300 kg/hm^2） on grain quality and mineral con-centrations. Similar impacts of N application levels were found on the varieties. Grain quality indicators of brown rice rate, milled rate, head rice rate, chalkiness size, chalky grain rate, chalkiness decreased and length-width ratio increased along with the increase of N application amount. The head rice rate, chalky grain rate declined significantly and length-width ratio increased significantly in high-nitrogen-l_evel_ treatment. The effect of nitrogen fertilization was bigger on appearance quality than on processing quality. Grain amylose content dropped, while protein content rose in the grain as N application amount went up, and protein content increased significantly in high nitrogen level. The contents of most mineral elements （ Mg,Ca, P, Fe, Zn, Cu） except Mn in milled rice decreased with N application rates, and the contents of other elements varied among rice euhivars. The results demon-strate that N application may sacrifice the processing quali-ty and mineral nutrition, but improve the appearance qual- ity of Japonica rice in Jianghuai River area. Determining the optimal N application rate for a rice crop requires com-prehensive consideration of all the aspects of production, including the integration of high yield and high nitrogen use effi- ciency, and simutaneous improvement of yield and mineral mutrition.

关 键 词：水稻 施肥 稻米品质 矿质元素 营养品质 

分 类 号：S511.220.62[农业科学—作物学]