小蓬的开花生物学及果实形态发育特性  

Morphological Development Characteristics of Flowering Biology and Fruit of Nanophyton erinaceum(Pall) Bge.

作　　者：布海丽且姆·阿卜杜热合曼[1] 严成[2] 魏岩[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,新疆草地资源与生态重点实验室及西部干旱荒漠区草地资源与生态教育部重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《新疆农业大学学报》2012年第4期306-311,共6页Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30770374)

摘　　要：为研究旱生植物小蓬〔Nanophyton erinaceum(Pall)Bge.〕的开花生物学特征及果实形态发育特性,2010-2011年连续对其开花物候、开花动态、花粉活力和柱头可授性以及果实发育进程进行了观测。小蓬种群夏季开花(6月下旬至8月上旬),花期历时56～58d,表现为"持续开花模式"。花为单被两性花,开花时,柱头露出2～4h后花被片打开,花药在柱头外侧上方呈丁字形;花药开裂的方向始终正对柱头;花粉活力和柱头可授性在时间上吻合;花粉/胚珠比在750～1 100,该物种的繁育系统属于兼性异交。开花后子房在夏季高温下发育缓慢,至8月下旬温度降低时子房才开始膨大,果实质量明显增加,至9月末10月初果实(种子)逐渐成熟。宿存花被片和果实的发育节律同步,花被片长宽始终是果实的两倍,对幼果起到一定的保护功能。In order to study the flowering biological and characteristics of Nanophyton erinaceum （Pall） characteristics of fruit morphological development Bge., the flowering phenology, flowering dynamic state,pollen viability,stigma receptivity and fruit development process were observed from 2010 to 2011. The main results were as follows：The population of N. erinaceum （Pall） Bge. flower in summer （from the the last ten-day period of June to the first ten-day period of August） and the flowering period was 56-- 58 d. Its flowering belongs to an extended-flowering pattern. The flower is bisexual and monochlamydeous, the perianths open after stigma revealed for 2-4 h,and anthers forming T shape at the lateral side of stig- ma ; the cracking direction of anthers are always coordinative couplet to stigma ; The ratio of pollen to ovule was between 750--1 100,whose breeding system belongs to facultative autogamy. The fruit grows slowly after flowering in summer with high temperature and since last ten-day period of August when the temper- ature is lower, it begins to grow rapidly and the fruit quality is significantly increased, the seeds mature gradually at the end of September or at the beginning of October. The growing phase perianths is the same as the fruit＇s growing stage and its length is two times of fruit＇s and protects young fruits from water e- vaporation by packaging.

关 键 词：小蓬 开花物候 花粉活力 柱头可授性 果实发育 

分 类 号：Q949.745.1[生物学—植物学]