3种沉水植物对水体重金属镉去除效果的实验研究  

Reaserch on phytoremediation of cadmium contaminated water by three submerged macrophytes

作　　者：张饮江[1,2] 易冕[1] 王聪[1] 董悦[1] 刘晓培[1] 文晓峰[1] 李岩[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学水域环境生态上海高校工程研究中心,上海201306

出　　处：《上海海洋大学学报》2012年第5期784-793,共10页Journal of Shanghai Ocean University

基　　金：国家水专项(08ZX07101-005);国家科学技术委员会(05ba908b23);上海市科学技术委员会重大项目(08dz1900408);上海市世博专项(05dz05823);上海市重点学科建设项目(Y1101;S307017)

摘　　要：运用植物修复(phytoremediation)技术,选取金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum L.)、伊乐藻(Elodea nuttallii)、苦草(Vallisnerianatans)3种沉水植物,比较研究不同pH与镉浓度对它们生长及去除镉效果的影响。结果表明,3种沉水植物均能耐受一定浓度范围的镉污染,并能不同程度地去除水体中的镉;在实验对照组中,金鱼藻与伊乐藻在pH为8.5、镉浓度为15μg/L的溶液中,去除镉的能力最强,苦草在pH为7.5、镉浓度为10μg/L的溶液中,去除镉的能力最强。在沉水植物活体中,伊乐藻对水体镉的抗性和去除率最大(达92%),金鱼藻次之(达90%),苦草最小(为66%);沉水植物粉对水体镉的去除效果较沉水植物活体显著,去除率表现为伊乐藻粉最大(达95%),金鱼藻粉次之(达93%),苦草最小(为88%),但苦草粉对镉的去除率随溶液镉浓度、pH等条件的变化波动较小,较稳定,为81%～88%。3种沉水植物适应范围广,高效无污染,可用于镉污染废水的植物修复。The study is about the growth and cadmium′s restoration effect of three submerged macrophytes（Ceratophyllum demersum L.,Elodea nuttallii and Vallisneria natans）in different pH and cadmium.The result shows that,three submerged macrophytes can all tolerate the pollution of cadmium in a certain concentration range,and eliminate cadmium of the water to different degree.Ceratophyllum demersum L.and Elodea nuttallii have strongest elimination ability of cadmium under pH 8.5 or 15 μg/L cadmium.Vallisneria natans has strongest elimination ability of cadmium under pH 7.5 or 10 μg/L cadmium.Among these living submerged macrophytes,Elodea nuttallii has the strongest tolerate and elimination ability of cadmium（up to 92%）,then Ceratophyllum demersum L.（up to 90%）,and Vallisneria natans（up to 66%）.The elimination ability of the 3 submerged macrophytes’ powder is more obvious than its living form,Elodea Canadensis’s powder has the strongest elimination ability of cadmium（up to 95%）,then Ceratophyllum demersum L.’s powder（up to 93%）,and Vallisneria natans’s powder（up to 88%）.But the elimination ability of cadmium by Vallisneria natans’s powder is less vulnerable to the pH and the cadmium concentration（range between 81% and 88%）.The three submerged macrophytes adaptation scope very broad,efficient and pollution-free,they could be successfully used for heavy metal removal from waste-water containing cadmium.

关 键 词：沉水植物 镉 吸附 金鱼藻 伊乐藻 苦草 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]