成年与幼仔斑海豹空气中声信号的特性比较  

Comparative Studies on the Characteristics of In-air Acoustic Signals from Adult and Pup Spotted Seals(Phoca largha)

作　　者：许肖梅[1] 刘卓[1] 张培君[2] 韩家波[2] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学海洋与地球学院,福建厦门361005 [2]辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《厦门大学学报（自然科学版）》2012年第5期854-858,共5页Journal of Xiamen University：Natural Science

基　　金：海洋公益性行业科研专项(201105011-3);厦门大学基础创新科研基金项目(CXB2011032)

摘　　要：海豹科动物发声与其生命活动息息相关,记录其声信号并分析信号特征是海豹声学研究的一个重点.对斑海豹(Phoca largha)在空气中的发声及信号特性进行研究,对成年斑海豹与幼仔斑海豹的声信号特征进行比较,并利用Mat-lab R2011a等软件对这些信号进行时域和频域分析.结果表明:成年斑海豹在空气中声信号的持续时间分布在0.6～1.6s,平均值为1.15s,频谱能量集中分布在0.5～2kHz,峰值频率、3dB带宽和10dB带宽分别为(0.99±0.18),(0.22±0.17)和(0.69±0.16)kHz;幼仔斑海豹声信号平均持续时间为2.45s,比成年斑海豹长,频谱能量分布与成年斑海豹类似,峰值频率、3dB带宽和10dB带宽分别为(1.13±0.10),(0.11±0.10)和(0.61±0.44)kHz,其中峰值频率和3dB带宽变化范围均比成年斑海豹小.. Vocalizations of seals play an essential role in their lives. How to make the sound recordings and analyze the signal characteristics is one of the important issues in the acoustic studies on seals. The comparisons of the vocalizations characteristics of spotted seals（Phoca largha） between adults and pup are made in the study. Sound signals were analyzed by using Matlab R2011a from the perspectives of time domain and frequency domain. Four parameters were measured： time duration, peak frequency, 3 dB bandwidth and 10 dB bandwidth. The results indicate that the mean duration of vocalizations for adult spotted seals is 1.15 s,with a minimum duration of 0.6 s and a maximum of 1.6 s. A narrow range of spectral energy distribution concentrates on 0.5-2 kHz. In comparison, pup＇s calls have a longer mean duration,which is 2.45 s and a similar spectral energy distribution. The peak frequency, 3 dB band- width and 10 dB bandwidth of adults＇ in-air acoustic signals are （0.99±0.18） ,（0.22±0. 17） and （0.69±0.16） kHz respectively, while these parameters of pup＇s signals are following orderly as （ 1. 13 ± 0.10）, （0.11 ± 0. 10） and （0. 61 ± 0.44） kHz. Compared with adults＇ in air calls,the pup＇s ones have narrower ranges in peak frequency and 3 dB bandwidth.

关 键 词：斑海豹 声信号特性 空气 

分 类 号：P733.2[天文地球—物理海洋学] Q62[天文地球—海洋科学]