东北黑土区垄向的分布及其对土壤侵蚀的影响  

Distribution of Tillage-induced Direction and Its Effect on Soil Erosion in Black Soil Area of Northeast China

作　　者：赵玉明[1] 刘宝元[1] 姜洪涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室/地理学与遥感科学学院,北京100875

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2012年第5期1-6,共6页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2007CB407204)

摘　　要：垄作是东北黑土区一种非常普遍而重要的耕作制度,垄作方向(垄向)的分布及其水土保持作用研究,对于了解和改进黑土区的水土保持状况具有非常重要的意义。以典型黑土区东缘的宾县为研究区域,采用分层抽样的方法,提取了168个野外调查单元,通过野外实地调查和室内数据分析,研究了东北黑土区农地的地面坡度分布、垄向分布和垄向坡度分布,在此基础上根据不同坡度条件下的坡度因子公式求出农地的坡度因子和垄向坡度因子,探讨垄向的水土保持作用,得到以下研究成果:黑土区农地平均地面坡度为2.96°;黑土区中占农地75%的坡耕地中,顺坡耕作趋势明显,斜坡耕作非常普遍,随着垄向与等高线之间夹角的增大,坡耕地所占的比例也逐渐增大,垄向角在0°～15°间的坡耕地所占的比例约9.7%,仅为75°～90°间的一半左右;采用垄向坡度后,平均坡度为2.15°,仅为原来地面坡度的72%,坡度明显减小;在目前的垄作情况下,其水土流失量仅为顺坡耕作下的60%。上述研究表明:在东北黑土区,可以通过调整垄作方向而改进目前较严重的水土流失状况。Ridge tillage is a common and important tillage practice in black soil area of northeast China. The distribution of ridge direction and its protection for soil are very important significance to understand and improve the situa- tion of soil and water conservation in northeast China. According to the method of stratified samplings, 168 field cells were selected and surveyed in Binxian County, which is on the east border of the typical Chernozem region in north- east China, and their land-use types as well as ridge directions were drafted on corresponding relief maps accord- ing to data recorded with GPS locator instrument. After digitalizing 1 ： 10 000 relief maps and converting the information above into a multitude of numbers, the terrestrial slope, the angle included between contour line and ridge direction, tillage-induced directional slope and the benefits induced by the ratio of the terrestrial slope factor and the responding tillage-induced directional slope factor were calculated, analyzed, classified, arranged and then displayed on a series of maps and tables with Arcmap, SPSS, Orgin and other software. And several conclusions were drawn from this study. （1） in the farmlands of the whole study area, the aver- age terrestrial slope was 2. 96~; （2） the area generally increased while the angle between contour line and ridge direction enlarged in 75% sloping fields; when the angle was between 0° to 15°, its area was about 9.7% in the whole farmlands; however, when the angle was between 75° to 90°, its area was about 17.3% the former was only about 50% of the latter （3） when the ridge slope was adopted in the whole study area, its average slope declined down to 2.15°, which was about 72% of 2.95% （4） water and soil loss in the pres- ent tillage system was only 60% of that in the up-and-down tillage system. So, improving tillage-induced direction may reverse the serious soil and water loss situation in black soil area in northeast China.

关 键 词：东北黑土区 垄向 土壤侵蚀 水土流失调查 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]