西安市污染气象特征和大气环境容量分析  

Analysis on Air Pollution Meteorological Characters and Atmospheric Environment Capacity in Xi′an City

作　　者：张文静[1] 孙娴[1] 王琦[1] 胡琳[1] 丁琦[2] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省气候中心,西安710014 [2]中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司,西安710043

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2012年第5期257-261,共5页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：陕西省气象局博士基金项目"西安市城市环境气象场分布对大气污染物影响研究"(2012B-4);中国可持续能源项目(G-1011-13585)

摘　　要：利用2010年西安市环境监测资料及同期气象资料,分析了3种主要污染物(SO2,NO2,PM10)的时空分布特征以及各种气象条件对城市大气污染的影响;采用A—P值法计算大气环境容量。结果表明:(1)西安市区低空大气全年以较稳定—稳定为主,污染物浓度随稳定度频率的增大而增大;(2)风速对污染物浓度的影响非常显著。随风速增大各污染物浓度相应减小;而在春季大风沙尘天气里,PM10浓度随风速增大而增大;(3)降水对污染物的稀释作用很强,降水量小于1mm时浓度不降反增,大于10mm时稀释作用却相对减弱;(4)受气象条件的综合影响,污染物排放造成环境容量的利用率高甚至出现超负荷现象。The spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of three pollutants （SO2, NO2 and PM10） were ana- lyzed by using environmental monitoring and meteorological data of Xi＇an in 2010. A-P method was used to calculate atmospheric environmental capacity. The results showed that： （1） the major low altitude atmos- phere in Xi＇an was semi-stable or stable, and the pollutant concentration increased when stability frequency increased; （2） the wind speed affected the pollutant concentration dramatically, the pollutant concentration decreased with the increase of wind speed; PM10 was fairly positively interrelated with wind speed in the con- text of the strong wind and sand dust in spring （3） the precipitation contributed very much to dilution effect, but the precipitation less than 1 mm increased the concentration of pollutants; the precipitation more than 10 mm didn＇t dilute the concentration too much; （4） affected by the meteorological condition, utilization ratio of environmental capacity was overloaded due to pollutant discharge.

关 键 词：大气污染 气象条件 大气稳定度 环境容量 西安市 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]