安化县2006-2011年麻疹疫情流行病学分析及控制策略探讨  

Epidemiological Analysis of Measles Epidemics and Its Control Strategies in Anhua County from 2006 to 2011

作　　者：严友定[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省安化县疾病预防控制中心,湖南安化413500

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2012年第9期1339-1341,共3页Practical Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析安化县麻疹疫情的流行病学特征以及麻疹疫苗强化免疫前后发病情况,掌握其流行规律,为防控麻疹提供科学依据。方法对安化县2006-2011年的麻疹疫情数据进行描述性流行病学研究,采用SPSS13.0软件包进行统计分析。结果安化县2006-2011年共报告麻疹254例。发病高峰期为3-6月份;病例主要集中在10岁以下儿童(占88.19%);发病人群主要是散居儿童、幼托儿童和小学生(占90.16%)。无麻疹免疫史和免疫史不详者占98.42%(251/254);强化免疫后发病率明显下降(χ2=11.08,P<0.01)。结论通过强化免疫可有效降低麻疹发病率,加强对适龄儿童麻疹疫苗的基础免疫与强化免疫,提高免疫覆盖率是控制麻疹的关键。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles and the incidence of measles before and af- ter supplemental immunization of measles vaccine in Anhua County, to master the regularity of measles epidemics, and to provide a scientific basis for-measles prevention and control. Methods With descriptive epidemiologieal methods, the data of measles epidemics in Anhua County from 2006 to 2011 were statistically analyzed by SPSS13.0 software. Results A total of 254 eas- es of measles were reported in Anhua County from 2006 to 2011. The cases occurred mostly from March to June. Children aged below 10 years were the major subjects attacked by measles, accounted for 88.19%. Scattered children, preschool children and pupils accounted for 90.16 % of the incidence population. The cases without immunization history or with dubious immunization history accounted for 98.42 % （251/254）. After supplemental immunization, the incidence of measles was significantly declined （X2 = 11.08, P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusions Supplemental immunization of measles vaccine could effectively reduce the incidence rate of measles. The key points of controlling measles are to strengthen routine and supplemental immunizations of measles in school - age children and to increase the coverage rate of immunization.

关 键 词：麻疹 流行病学 控制策略 

分 类 号：R181.8[医药卫生—流行病学]