春秋战国时期的国家形态和政治控御  

On the State Form and the Political Control at the Periods of the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States

作　　者：林校生[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁德师范学院经济管理系,福建宁德352100

出　　处：《福建师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2012年第5期102-111,129,共11页Journal of Fujian Normal University:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目(项目批准号:05JA770001)

摘　　要：中国古代国家权力结构的演进,基本上是越来越集权于最高端,而西周到春秋战国时期的发展方向则与此相背;西周已经发展出比较完整的(早期)国家结构和功能,春秋王室与列国之间在权力结构、功能形态上反有诸多纠结缠绕,仿佛历史一度呈显某种倒退的特征。这基源于早期国家阶段政治控御手段的内在缺陷。春秋战国时期国家权力的重组、下移,实为抟聚更成熟的巨型国家的新起点。这一时期政治中心控御形态的变化,国家结构中地缘(地域)因素的成长,都表现出在高频度战争环境中,国家地理空间(主要由于交通建设)、政治空间(主要由于官僚行政)、社会空间(主要由于宗姓氏族解体)的致密化倾向,只是这个"国家化"过程终春秋战国之世仍然处于一种"未完成体"的过渡状态。The evolution of the national power structure in ancient China was that the power was get- ting more and more centered at the top of the empire, but the evolution trend from the Western Zhou Dy- nasty to the Spring and Autumn as well as the Warring States periods was different from what was said be- fore. The state form and function of the Western Zhou Dynasty had evolved primarily, but the royal fami- lies of the Spring and Autumn period had quite some complicated relationships with the power structure and functional forms among their states as if the history had seen some shift- down of power. This was due to the internal shortcomings of the political control measures at the earlier stages of states. The restructure and the shift- down of the national power at the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States periods were in fact the new beginning of more matured accumulation of an enormous nation. The changes of the political control forms at this period and the growth of the regional factors in the state structure, in the frequent warring environment, evolved towards the density of the national geographical space （because of traffic construction）, political space （because of the bureaucratic administration） and the social space （ because of the disintegration of the clans）, but the nationalization of the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States still remained in an ＂incomplete＂ transitional period.

关 键 词：春秋战国 国家形态 政治中心 控御形式 

分 类 号：K225[历史地理—历史学] K231[历史地理—中国史]