医疗与政治——清代御医刘声芳政治沉浮考论  

Medicine and Politics: On the Imperial Physician Liu Shengfang in Qing Dynasty

作　　者：张田生[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院,天津300071

出　　处：《福建师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2012年第5期122-129,共8页Journal of Fujian Normal University:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：清代御医刘声芳在康雍两朝行医近30年,诊治了包括康雍两帝在内的不少患者。医疗上的业绩为他的仕途奠定了基础,刘声芳从普通御医步步升迁,康熙末年升至太医院院使,雍正年间,再经历太常寺卿、户部侍郎,最后加太子少傅、尚书衔。这在整个清代数量众多的御医中是绝无仅有的。不过,临近去世的前几年,刘声芳被雍正帝罢免。刘声芳的成功除了高超的医术,还有一个重要的因素就是他善于处理宫廷特殊的医患关系和君臣关系。刘声芳的政治命运与帝王对御医群体的态度及其身体观有直接的关系。康雍两帝在身体观和对御医群体态度上的差异决定了刘声芳在康雍两朝政治沉浮具有不同特点。Liu Shengfang, who had worked as an imperial physician for about 30 years, treated many patients including Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Yongzheng. The achievements made foundation for Liu＇s political success. From a common imperial physician, Liu was promoted to Taiyiyuanyuanshi （the highest official in the Imperial Academy） in final years of the Kangxi period. He continued to develop in politics and was appointed from the head of Court of Imperial Sacrifices to Vice Minister of Board of Revenue in Yongzheng period. That was the only among the many palace doctors in the Qing dynasty. However, Liu was deposed in final several years before his death. Beside his high medical level, an important factor to his political success is was that he was good at dealing with the special relationship between doctor and patient and that between emperor and subject in the palace. Liu＇s political destiny had something with the emperor＇s body conception and attitude for palace physician group. The divergence of the body conception and attitude for palace physicians between emperor Kangxi and emperor Yongzheng resulted in the different characteristics of Liu＇ political ups and downs.

关 键 词：刘声芳 御医 康熙帝 雍正帝 政治沉浮 

分 类 号：K249.2[历史地理—历史学]