海口市流感嗜血杆菌感染流行病学与病原学特征分析  

Epidemiological and etiologic characteristics of haemophilus influenza infection in Haikou

作　　者：林翀[1] 苏应仙 吴多荣[2] 王旭明[3] 吴至成[4] 林明冠 

机构地区：[1]海南省农垦总医院检验科,海口570311 [2]海南省海口市人民医院检验科,570208 [3]海南省人民医院检验科,570102 [4]海南医学院附属医院检验科,海口570311

出　　处：《重庆医学》2012年第29期3038-3040,共3页Chongqing medicine

基　　金：海南省卫生厅科研基金资助项目(琼卫2010-33号)

摘　　要：目的分析海口市流感嗜血杆菌(Hi)感染流行病学与病原学特征。方法对海口各医院送检的咽拭子、痰、脑脊液标本进行Hi培养和鉴定,并对分离的菌株进行血清和生物学分型、β-内酰胺酶和耐药性检测。结果 238例标本中Hi的阳性率为26.1%(62/238),其中咽拭子、痰、脑脊液的阳性率分别为35.7%(45/126)、18.6%(13/70)、9.5%(4/42),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男、女患者阳性率分别为24.3%(25/103)、27.4%(37/135),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。≤14岁、14～30岁、31～50岁、≥50岁年龄组Hi阳性率分别为48.4%(45/93)、17.1%(6/35)、14.7%(5/34)、7.9%(6/76),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。分离出的62株Hi中有45株(72.6%)为不可分型菌株,其余17株(27.4%)为可分型菌株。在可分型的17株菌株中,以d、e两种血清型为主,分别为23.5%(4/17)和47.1%(8/17)。共检出8个生物型,以Ⅱ、Ⅲ两种生物型为主,分别占35.5%(22/62)和30.6%(19/62)。62株Hi对氨苄西林的耐药率最高,其耐药率为25.8%(16/62),而对头孢唑林和氧氟沙星敏感,敏感率均为100.0%(62/62)。62株Hi的β-内酰胺酶阳性率为16.1%(10/62)。结论海口市Hi感染在儿童中常见,分离的菌株以不可分型、d、e血清型和Ⅱ、Ⅲ生物型为主,对头孢唑林和氧氟沙星敏感。Objective To analyze the epidemiological and etiologic characteristics of Haemophilus influenza（Hi） infection in Haikou. Methods Hi was cultured and identified in tested samples（throat swab, sputum and cerebrospinal fluid） of hospitals in Haikou,and the detection（serotype,biotype,β-lactamase and drug resistance） was performed in isolated strains. Results The positive rate of Hi infection was 26.1%（62/238） in 238 samples. The positive rate was 35.7%（45/126） ,18.6%（13/70） ,9.5%（4/42） in throat swab, sputum, cerebrospinal fluid samples respectively, the difference was significant （P〈0.05）. The positive rate was 24.3%（25/103） ,27.4%（37/135） in male,female patients respectively, the difference was not significant（P〉0.05）. The positive rate was 48.4%（45/93） ,17.1%（6/35） ,14.7%（5/34） ,7.9%（6/76） in 414 years,14--30 years,31--50 years,≥50 years respec tively, the difference was significant（P〈0.05）. There were 45 non typable strains（72.6 %） and 17 typable stains（27.4 % ） in 62 i-solated strains. The d and e type were predominant serotype in 17 typable stains,account for 23.5% （4/17） and 47.1% （8/17） separately. Eight biotypes were detected among 62 Hi strains with biotype II and III predominant, account for 35. 5% （22/62） and 30.6 % （19/62） separately. 62 Hi strains were resistant to ampicillin, the resistant rate was 25.8 % （16/62）. The strains were sensitive to cefazolin and azithromycin,the sensitive rate was both for 100.0%（62/62）. The positive rate of 13-1actamase was 16.1 % （10/ 62） in 62 Hi strains. Conclusion The children are common population of Hi infection in Haikou. The most strains is non typable, d and e serotype, II and III biotype in isolated strains, and the strains are sensitive to cefazolin and azithromycin.

关 键 词：嗜血菌 流感 细菌分型技术 耐药性 Β内酰胺酶类 

分 类 号：R515[医药卫生—内科学] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]