麻类作物分子育种的研究现状与展望  

Research Status and Prospect of Molecular Breeding of the Bast-fiber Crops

作　　者：陈美霞[1,2] 祁建民[1] 刘伟[1,2] 徐建堂[1] 祁伟[1] 李爱青[3] 粟建光[4] 陶爱芬[1] 牛小平[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学作物遗传育种与综合利用省部共建教育部重点实验室,福建福州350002 [2]宁德师范学院,福建宁德352100 [3]安徽农业大学,安徽合肥230001 [4]中国农业科学院麻类研究所,湖南长沙410205

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2012年第7期780-786,共7页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家麻类产业技术体系建设项目(nycytx-19-512);国家自然科学基金项目(3100073);福建省麻类种质资源共享创新平台建设项目(2010N2002)

摘　　要：麻类作物资源的保护和开发利用的成功依赖于对基因库资源遗传变异的数量、分布及其进化关系充分的了解和掌握。传统的研究方法有很大局限性,分子标记的出现弥补了传统方法的不足,成为现代科学研究的有利工具。目前关于麻类作物的遗传背景知识相对有限,但是对于作物育种又是必需的。一张高密度的遗传连锁图谱可以用于重要性状定位、重要基因克隆、比较基因组学研究和分子标记辅助育种。本文系统地论述了利用分子标记技术在6种麻类作物包括红麻、黄麻、亚麻、苎麻、大麻、剑麻的遗传连锁图谱构建及基因定位、分子标记辅助育种方面的研究进展。Protection, exploitation and application of the bast-fiber resources depends on full understanding and mastery of the gene pools of quantitative genetic variation, distribution and their evolutionary relationships. Molecular marker technique is not influenced by environmental factors and can test DNA from any growth stage, thus it has become a modern scientific research tool which can make up for the shortcomings of those quite limiting traditional methods. Currently, our knowledge about genetics of bast-fiber crop is very limited, but it is important for breeding these plants. A Highly saturated genetic linkage map would provide a solid basis for quantitative trait loci （QTL） mapping, positional gene cloning, comparative genomics studies and marker-assisted selection. In this article, we＇ve given a systematic description of application of the molecular marker techniques, on genetic linkage map construction, QTL mapping and marker-assisted selection of kenaf, jute, flax, ramie, hemp and sisal.

关 键 词：麻类作物 遗传连锁图谱构建 QTL定位 分子标记辅助育种 现状与展望 

分 类 号：S563.4[农业科学—作物学]