沙尘污染对长期暴露人群呼吸系统症状的影响  

Effects of dust pollution on respiratory symptoms of long-term exposure population

作　　者：王金玉[1,2] 李盛[3] 王式功[4] 尚可政[4] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学资源环境学院,兰州730000 [2]兰州大学基础医学院,兰州730000 [3]兰州市疾病预防控制中心,兰州730030 [4]兰州大学大气科学学院甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,兰州730000

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（自然科学版）》2012年第4期61-65,71,共6页Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41075103);国家公益性行业专项(GYHY2001106034)

摘　　要：以沙尘天气多发的甘肃省民勤县和基本不受沙尘污染的平凉市为调查点,采用流行病学现况调查法,对在调查点长期居住、无职业性粉尘接触史的40岁以上728名农民进行呼吸系统症状发生状况调查.结果显示,民勤县农民慢性咳嗽、咳嗽加重、慢性咳痰、咳痰加重、呼吸困难加重及胸痛加重的发生率分别是平凉市的1.6,5.0,1.7,3.6,1.6,3.7倍(P<0.05);除呼吸困难加重外,民勤县不吸烟农民上述症状发生率分别是平凉市的1.8,4.9,1.9,2.9,3.9倍(P<0.05);民勤县女性慢性咳嗽、咳嗽加重、慢性咳痰及胸痛加重发生率分别是平凉市的1.7,4.3,1.8,3.5倍(P<0.05),男性咳嗽加重及慢性咳痰发生率分别是平凉市的10.0,1.5倍(P<0.05);民勤县40～50岁农民慢性咳嗽、咳嗽加重、慢性咳痰、胸痛加重发生率分别是平凉市的1.8,9.4,2.1,6.0倍(P<0.05).沙尘污染明显影响暴露人群呼吸系统症状的发生,主要影响40～50岁人群,尤其是女性.Minqin county of Gansu province was selected as the exposure point, where dust storms and floating dust occur frequently. Meanwhile, Pingliang city of Gansu province was selected as the control point, where dust events very rarely happen. An epidemiological investigation was conducted by questionnaires among 728 farmers who were 40 years or older and had lived in the investigation points for a long time. Farmers having a documented occupational history to industrial dust exposure were not included. The results revealed that the prevalence of chronic cough, aggravated cough （AC）, chronic expectoration, aggravated expectoration （AE）, aggravated dyspnea （AD）, and aggravated chest pain （ACP） in Minqin county were respectively 1.6, 5.0, 1.7, 3.6, 1.6, and 3.7 times of those in Pingliang city （P 〈0.05）. The results also showed that the incidence of chronic cough, AC, chronic expectoration, AE, and ACP of non-smokers in Minqin county were respectivelv 1.8. 4.9.1.9, 2.9, and 3.9 times of those in Pingliang city （P 〈0.05）. In addition, the occurrence rate of chronic cough, AC, chronic expectoration, and ACP among women in Minqin county were 1.7, 4.3, 1.8, and 3.5 times of those in Pingliang city （P 〈0.05）, and were 10.3 and 1.5 times in the incidence of AC and chronic expectoration for men （P 〈0.05）. For differently aged farmers, the prevalence of chronic cough, AC, chronic expectoration, and ACP of farmers aged 40-50 years in Minqin county were 1.8, 9.4, 2.1 and 6.0 times of those in Pingliang city, respectively （P 〈0.05）. In short, a long-term dust exposure can cause damage to the respiratory system of people, especially women; and those aged 40-50 years were the major victims.

关 键 词：沙尘污染 暴露人群 呼吸系统症状 

分 类 号：P429[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]