第一次金川之役起因初探——乾隆帝绥靖川边的努力  

Exploring the Causes of the First Jinchuan Campaign——Emperor Qianlong's Efforts to Pacify the Border Area of West Sichuan

作　　者：徐法言[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学历史文化学院,四川成都610064

出　　处：《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2012年第5期150-160,共11页Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition

摘　　要：乾隆十年至十四年,清廷先后用兵征讨川西土司瞻对与大金川,这两次战役关联密切,可以说瞻对战役的草率完结直接导致了乾隆皇帝对金川用兵。而金川战役尚在进行之时,乾隆帝便与统帅张广泗秘密谋划再次征剿瞻对事,甚而有乘此兵威,将绰斯甲、杂谷等川边地区强而不甚恭顺的土司一齐办理的计划,以此达到绥靖川边,一劳永逸的目的。只是金川未平,为了避免打草惊蛇,树敌过多,上述计划一直秘而不宣。到了战役末期,清军已深陷大金川泥潭,进退不能。乾隆帝不得已,只能纳降撤兵,并运用政治手腕,将一次失败的军事行动粉饰成一场胜利的战争,以保全自己的颜面与朝廷的威严,而其未曾实现的战略目标,也自然为官方所讳言,渐渐隐匿在漫漫的历史长河之中。punitive expedi From the 10th year to the 14th year of Qianlong＇s Reign, the Qing government launched a tion against the chieftains of Zhandui and Da Jinchuan in the west of Sichuan. These two campaigns were intimately related to each other, and it is safe to say that withdrawing the troops in a careless way at the end of Zhandui campaign and directly caused Emperor Qianlong to use military force in Jinchuan. During the First Jinchuan War, Emperor Qianlong was already discussing with Zhang Guangsi, the General-in- chief, on a secret plan to start military operation in Zhandui again, to bring under control the strong and disrespectful tribes of Chuosijia and Zagu at the west border of Sichuan for the purpose of pacifying the border area forever. However, the Jinchuan Campaign turned out to be difficult, and to avoid making more enemies through careless action, this plan had been kept a secret. In the end of the Jinchuan Campaign, the Qing army had almost been on the verge of failure, making it difficult to proceed with the plan. Qianlong had no choice but to accept a surrender and quickly withdraw. To keep the sovereign dignity, a military operation that almost failed was embellished as a victorious battle. However, the strategic plan which had not been carried out was never mentioned again by the Qing government, and was gradual1, Emperor Qianlong, Zhang Guangsi,

关 键 词：瞻对战役 金川之役 乾隆皇帝 张广泗 绥靖川边 

分 类 号：K249.305[历史地理—历史学]