基于县域的三大粮食作物生产优势的空间特征分析  

Spatial characteristics of production advantages of three major grain crops at county scale in China

作　　者：徐志宇[1] 宋振伟[2] 陈武梅[2] 邓艾兴[2] 陈阜[1] 张卫建[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100193 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业部作物生理生态重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2012年第5期21-29,共9页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划课题(2011BAD16B14);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项

摘　　要：阐明主要粮食作物生产优势的空间特征,可以为我国粮食安全战略决策提供重要的参考依据。本研究以我国2006年县(市)作物播种面积和单产为基本单元,系统分析了水稻、小麦和玉米三大粮食作物的效率比较优势、规模比较优势和综合比较优势的空间特征。结果显示,我国三大粮食作物生产优势的空间特征明显,效率优势和规模优势在空间布局上存在明显差异。但综合分析发现,水稻生产的综合比较优势指数较高的地区为华南、华东和华中地区,其指数分别达到了1.45、1.30和1.14;小麦生产的综合比较优势指数较高的地区为西北和华北地区,优势指数分别为1.33和1.02;玉米生产的综合比较优势指数较高地区为华北和东北地区,优势指数分别为1.43和1.37。我国粮食生产布局应该走优势互补的道路,依据作物综合比较优势,稳定区域优势粮食作物生产规模,深入挖掘后备区域的生产潜力,适当调整劣势粮食作物生产规模,实现生产效率最大化,以确保中长期粮食安全。Exploring the spatial characteristics of production advantages of major grain crops will significantly benefit the strategy decision of food security in China.Based on the sown areas and yields of rice,wheat and corn at a county level in 2006,the spatial characteristics of relative efficiency advantage（REA）,relative scale advantage（RSA） and relative comparative advantage（RCA） were studied in this paper.The results showed that there were clear spatial layout characteristics in the relative production advantages of the three major grain crops in China,and that great differences in the spatial layout existed between the REA and RSA.However,according to the integrated assessment,higher RCA of rice area locates in South,East and Centre China with values of 1.45,1.30 and 1.14,respectively.Higher RCA of wheat area locates in Northwest and North China,where the RCA reaching 1.33 and 1.02,respectively.Higher RCA of corn area locates in North and Northeast China,the corresponding values reaching 1.43 and 1.37,respectively.The allocation of production of China should abide by reciprocal advantages.It is demonstrated that more efforts should be performed on optimizing the grain production plan based on the regional relative comparative advantage of different crops,so as to ensure food security in China.

关 键 词：粮食安全 区域布局 县域 比较优势 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] F307.11[经济管理—产业经济]