堆肥中高温降解菌的筛选、鉴定及堆肥效果  

Isolation and identification of a thermophilic bacteriium strain with high degradation from compost and its compost effects

作　　者：程旭艳[1] 霍培书[1] 尚晓瑛[1] 王定美[1,2] 李季[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]广东省生态环境与土壤研究所,广州510650

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2012年第5期105-111,共7页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金："十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B01);广东省部产学研结合专项资金资助项目(粤财教[2011]366)

摘　　要：为分离得到高温高效降解菌,促进堆肥腐熟、提高堆肥品质,采用稀释平板法和水解试验初筛以及酶活性复筛的方法,从好氧堆肥样品中分离得到一株可同时高效降解纤维素、蛋白质和淀粉的高温细菌HN-5,其纤维素酶活性、蛋白酶活性和α-淀粉酶活性分别为7.308、13.296和76.136U/mL。通过对菌株的形态特征观察、部分生理生化实验和16SrDNA基因鉴定,初步确定其为Geobacillus属的菌株。菌株最适生长温度为60℃;最适生长pH为6.0;在NaCl质量浓度为10mg/mL、装液量为10%(体积分数)时,菌株生长量最大。将HN-5接种至鸡粪+锯末堆肥中进行堆肥效果验证,结果表明接种HN-5可以有效地促进堆肥升温,延长高温期持续时间。To isolate a thermophilic bacterium strain with high degradation of organic substances,to promote the process of composting and to improve the quality of compost,this test was carried out by employing diluted plate count method,hydrolysis experiment for primary screening and enzyme activity method for secondary screening,thus a thermophilic bacterium strain HN-5 was isolated,which could degrade cellulose,protein and starch simultaneously.Its cellulose,amylase and protease activity were 7.308,13.296 and 76.136 U/mL respectively.The strain HN-5 was identified as Geobacillus primarily based on its morphological characteristics,some physiological characteristics and 16S rDNA gene sequence.Its optimum temperature for growth was 60 ℃;optimum pH for growth was 6.0;HN-5 reached its maximum growth stage when the mass concentration of sodium chloride is 10 mg/mL and liquid medium volume is 10%（volume fraction）.The isolate was inoculated in chicken manure＋sawdust composting to test its effect.The results showed that the inoculation of HN-5 can promote the rising of composting temperature effectively and maintain the composting in thermophilic stage with longer time.

关 键 词：高温细菌 筛选 鉴定 GEOBACILLUS 堆肥效果 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]