农民专业合作社对农户农药施用的影响及作用机制分析——基于山东省苹果种植户的调查数据  

Impact of cooperative on farmers' pesticide application behavior and its influence mechanism: An empirical analysis based on the survey data of apple growers in Shandong Province

作　　者：蔡荣[1] 韩洪云[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京财经大学CFSSS中心,南京210003 [2]浙江大学管理学院,杭州310029

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2012年第5期196-202,共7页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(70873108);国家社会科学基金重点项目(09AZD043);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目

摘　　要：为缓解农药过量施用带来的诸多负面影响,亟需采取有效措施诱导农户合理施用农药,利用山东省苹果种植户调查数据,采用Heckman两步估计模型实证分析了合作社对农户农药施用行为的影响及其作用机理。结果表明,苹果专业合作社、户主性别、户主文化程度、家庭年纯收入、种植规模和农药危害性认知等因素对农户农药施用具有显著性影响,在控制其他因素的条件下,参与苹果专业合作社能够使农户减少农药施用水平约2 235元/hm2,其原因在于合作社实施了农药残留检测、农药施用控制、浮动定价制度和生产过程监督等选择性激励措施;户主性别和种植规模对农户农药施用的影响显著为正,而户主文化程度、家庭年纯收入和农药危害性认知等因素对农户农药施用的影响则显著为负。Based on the survey data of apple growers in Shangdong Province,the impact of farmers’ participation in the cooperatives on their behavior of pesticide use and the underlying mechanism herein were analyzed quantitatively.The results show that farmers’ participation in the cooperatives enable them to have a significant decrease of pesticide application as much as 2 235 yuan/hm2.The underlying mechanism lies in the selective incentive system such as pesticide residues monitoring,control of pesticide use,the way of price determination,and production process monitoring.Specifically,when detection of pesticide residues is required by the cooperatives,improper application of pesticide is banned and monitored,or premium price is offered for quality products in the transaction,the farmers will reduce their use of pesticide at different levels.In addition,factors like the gender of the head of household and planting size affect pesticide application positively,on the contrary,factors like schooling of the head of household,annual net income of the household and the perception of pesticide hazard affect pesticide application negatively.

关 键 词：农药施用 农民专业合作社 农户 苹果产业 作用机制 山东省 

分 类 号：F325.1[经济管理—产业经济]