2010-2011年青岛市气传花粉调查  

Analysis of Airborne Pollens in Qingdao Since 2010 to 2011

作　　者：刘杰[1] 鹿道温 郭艳丽[1] 曲辉[1] 宋培铎[1] 于红 仲崇毅[1] 张明[1] 滕以亮 

机构地区：[1]青岛市市南区人民医院,山东青岛266002

出　　处：《中华临床免疫和变态反应杂志》2012年第3期191-197,共7页Chinese Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology

基　　金：青岛市市南区科技发展计划项目(2009-3-30-GG.1)

摘　　要：目的调查青岛市气传花粉的种类、含量和季节分布特点并与25年前的资料进行对比分析,为本地区花粉症的诊断和防治提供依据。方法采用重力沉降法安装叶氏花粉采样器。自2010年3月1日至2011年2月28日,进行逐日空气曝片花粉监测,并进行野外考察。结果全年花粉总含量为4018粒,较1985年减少了9.18%。共鉴定出14个科、26个属、2个种,全部归属于29科28属2个种;比1985年增加了10个科、11个属、2个种,未见到蓖麻花粉。全年出现春季3-5月和夏秋季8-10月2个花粉分布高峰期,3-5月份松属、桦木属和悬铃木属等木本植物花粉为主,比1985年增加了26.19%。8-10月以草本植物花粉为主,比1985年减少了47.48%。与1985年对比,年花粉含量变化较大的气传花粉有12种。全年树木花粉增多,草本花粉减少,以蒿草、葎草和豚草花粉减少明显。结论青岛地区主要气传花粉为松属、蒿属、葎草属、桦木属、杨属、禾本科、豚草属、悬铃木属等,对青岛地区花粉症的防治具有重要意义。Objective To investigate the species, amount and seasonal distribution of airborne pollens in Qingdao in 2010 and compare with data of 1985, forming the basis of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of pollinosis. Methods Daily airborne pollen monitoring was performed by gravity precipitation method using Ye＇s sampler from March 2010 to February 2011. The pollens grains collected in slides were identified under microscope. Plants survey and collection of the meteorological data were also had been done. Results 4 018 pollens grains/1 000mm2 were collected in 2010, reducing the amount up to 9. 18%, compared with data of 1985. The pollens of plants belong to 14 families, 26 genera and 2 species were identified in this survey, which belong to 29 families, 28 genera and 2 species of botanic classification on the whole, and include 10 new families, 1 i new genera and 2 new species compared with data of 1985. Ricinnus communis pollens were not discovered in this survey. There were two pollen seasons in Qingdao. Peak value of mensal pollen count was seen in March to May, which was followed by in August to October. The major airborne pollens were ligneous plant pollens such as Pinus, Betulaceae, Platanus in March to May, which increase the amount up to 26. 19%, and herbaceous plant pollens in August to October, which reduce the amount up to 47.48% , comparing to the data of 1985 respectively. The annual count of 12 kinds of pollens varied obviously compare to the data of 1985. The total annual count of trees pollens increased, whereas herbaceous plant pollens decreased, and the count of Artemisia, Humulus and Ambrosia pollen decreased remarkably. Conclusions The major airborne pollens were shown as Pinus, Artemisia, Humulus, Betula, Populus, Gramineae, Ambrosia and Platanus pollens in Qingdao area, which could form the basis of treatment and prevention of pollinosis.

关 键 词：气传花粉 花粉含量 花粉症 

分 类 号：R593.1[医药卫生—内科学]