系统理论创新与社会主义市场经济之路:中国与苏联比较研究  

Innovations of Systematic Theory and Roads to Socialist Market Economy:a Comparison Study of China and the Soviet Union

作　　者：黄立茀[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所

出　　处：《俄罗斯学刊》2012年第5期15-19,共5页Academic Journal of Russian Studies

摘　　要：社会主义国家运用市场经济机制的实验始于1921年春苏俄实行的新经济政策,但列宁开启的这一伟大创新仅持续了7～8年就被抛弃了;1978年,中国改革开放,走上市场经济之路,不断取得举世瞩目的成就。从系统理论创新这一新视角分析中苏两国社会主义市场经济道路命运迥异的原因,看到:由于苏俄为了摆脱战时共产主义产生的经济与政治危机、实施新经济政策转向利用市场经济道路,在理论领域、经济领域、政治社会领域的三个重大基本问题上与马克思主义传统观点产生了矛盾。由于苏联在这三个基本问题上有两个半缺乏新的系统的理论的支持,在市场经济不断深化的形势下,经济领域市场经济机制运行与理论领域、政治社会领域的传统观点产生冲突——出现了"打‘右’灯,向左走"的矛盾。由于市场道路仅在经济领域孤军前进,新经济政策招致夭折的命运。而中国共产党实行市场经济改革以后,在马克思主义的三个重大基本问题上进行了较系统的理论创新,闯过了社会主义市场经济道路上生与死的三道关隘。The experiment of using market economic mechanism by socialist countries started in the spring of 1921 when the Soviet Russia carried out the New Economic Policy. But this great innovation started by Lenin only lasted seven to eight years and was abandoned. In 1978, China undertook economic reform and opening up, moved on the road to market economy and made constantly achievements that attracted worldwide attention. Through analysis of the causes of the different fate of China and the Soviet Union＇s socialist economic road in terms of a new perspective of the innovation of systematic theory, we see that, in order to get rid of economic and political crises brought about by War communism, and to implement the New Economy Policy, and to transit to the road of using market economy, the Soviet Russia met with three important basic questions in theoretical, economic and political fields that were in contradiction to the traditional views of Marxism. Because two and half of the three basic questions had no support from a new and systematic theory, the operation of market economic mechanism in the economic field conflicted with the traditional views in the theoretical, political and social fields -- presenting a contradiction of＂making a left turn with a flashing right light＂ when market economy went deeper. Due to that the market road penetrated alone only in the economic field, the new economic policy of the Soviet Union suffered an aborted fate. But China carried out a more systematic theoretical innovation in the three important basic questions of Marxism after practicing market economic reform and broke through the three barriers on the road to socialist market economy.

关 键 词：系统理论创新 社会主义市场经济 中苏比较 

分 类 号：F13[经济管理—世界经济]