丹江口库区湖北水源区农业面源污染现状调查及评价  

Investigation and Evaluation on Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution in Danjiangkou Reservoir Area of Hubei Province

作　　者：张小勇[1,2] 范先鹏[1] 刘冬碧[1] 徐芳森[2] 甘小泽 范修远 董文忠 

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,武汉430064 [2]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,武汉430070 [3]湖北省农业生态环境保护站,武汉430070

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2012年第16期3460-3464,共5页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201003014);农业部污染普查专项(WX-Z-07-11);国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD87B09)

摘　　要：采用综合调查的方法,对丹江口库区湖北水源区31个乡镇的农业面源污染现状进行调查,用产污系数法、排污系数法测算区域内各类农业污染源产生与排放污染物的总量,并引入等标污染负荷法分析和评价该区域农业面源污染现状。结果表明,在该区域内,农业面源主要污染物TN、TP和COD的产生量分别为2 066.93、240.93和16 540.18 t,排放量分别为1 432.28、161.83和4 546.65 t;种植业源为该区域农业面源的主要污染源,其等标污染负荷占所有农业面源等标污染总负荷(1 196.78 t PO43-)的57.79%,水产养殖业源、农村生活源和畜禽养殖业源所占比例分别为14.91%、14.25%和13.05%;TN、TP为该区域农业面源的主要污染物,其等标污染负荷分别占所有农业面源等标污染总负荷的50.26%和41.38%,COD只占8.36%;种植业源的TN和TP等标污染负荷量分别占所有农业面源等标污染负荷总量的36.08%和21.71%,是区域内水体富营养化风险的主要构成因子,也是农业面源污染防控的重点。The ecological environment in Danjiangkou reservoir area （DRA） is a key factor affecting the quality of water that transported by Middle Route in South to North Water Transfer project, whereas the present situation of agricultural non-point source （NPS） pollution in this area is not clear. In this study, the agricultural NPS for 31 townships in DRA of Hubei province was investigated by comprehensive investigation method; the pollutant load from different sources was calculated by pollution production and discharge coefficient method; and the present pollution situation was analyzed and evaluated by equivalent pollution load method. The results showed that the main agricultural NPS pollutants were TN, TP and COD,with the production of 2066.93 t, 240.93 t and 16540.18 t respectively, and with the discharge of 14 32.28 t,161.83 t,and 4 546.65 t respectively. Planting was the main pollution source, with the equivalent pollution load ratio of 57.79% in the total equivalent pollution load （1 196.78t P04^3-） from all sources; and the equivalent pollution load ratio from aquaculture,rural life, livestock and poultry breeding accounted for 14.91%, 14.25%, and 13.05% respectively. The main pollutants from agricultural NPS were TN and TP, with the equivalent pollution load ratio of 50.26% and 41.38% respectively, and that of COD was only 8.36%. The equivalent pollution load ratio of TN and TP from planting accounted for 36.08% and 21.71% respectively in the total from agricultural NPS, indicating that loss of N and P from planting might be the main factor leading to water body eutrophication, which was suggested to be the key for agricultural NPS pollution prevention and controlling.

关 键 词：农业面源污染 现状调查 等标污染负荷 丹江口库区 

分 类 号：X508[环境科学与工程—环境工程]