《张协状元》中是非问句的类型与特点  

Types and Characteristics of Yes-or-no Questions in Zhangxie Zhuangyuan

作　　者：叶建军[1] 

机构地区：[1]温州大学人文学院,浙江温州325035

出　　处：《温州大学学报（社会科学版）》2012年第5期60-65,共6页Journal of Wenzhou University：Social Science Edition

基　　金：温州文化研究工程第六批社科规划课题(WYK11077)

摘　　要：《张协状元》中是非问句根据疑问程度可分为三种类型:有疑而问的是非询问句、半信半疑的是非测度问句和无疑而问的是非反诘问句。三种类型的是非问句句末均不使用疑问语气词。是非询问句有的是只保留疑问焦点的省略式,有的是特殊的回声问。是非测度问句均使用测度疑问副词,即"莫"、"莫是"、"莫非"。测度疑问副词"莫非"的最早用例可能见于《张协状元》。是非反诘问句大多数使用反诘副词,即"岂"、"岂可"、"终不成"。反诘副词"终不成"可能最早出现于宋代,来源于"最终不能成为"或"终究不至于"义的超音步结构"终不成"。According to the interrogative level, yes-or-no questions in Zhangxie Zhuangyuan, the oldest Chinese Nanxi （Southern Opera） script that handed down from the ancient China, could be divided into three types： yes-or-no questions for interrogative purpose, yes-or-no questions for conjecture purpose; and yes-or-no questions for rhetorical purpose. There were no interrogative particles existing at the end of these three types of yes-or-no questions. These questions could be divided into two ranges： elliptical expression that aims at interrogative focus and special echo question. In yes-or-no questions for conjecture purpose, interrogative adverbs for conjecture purpose, including ＂Mo （莫）＂, ＂Moshi （莫是）＂ and ＂Mofei （莫非）＂, were adopted. Among the three adverbs, the history of using adverb ＂Mofei＂ could be traced back to writing of Zhangxie Zhuangyuan. In most yes-or-no questions for rhetorical purpose, adverbs for rhetorical purpose, like ＂Qi （岂）＂, ＂Qike （岂可）＂ and ＂Zhongbucheng （终不成）＂, were used. The history of using adverb ＂Zhongbueheng＂ could be traced, back to the Song Dynasty, deriving from the super-foot structure ＂Zhongbucheng （终不成）＂ which means ＂finally can＇t become＂ or ＂ultimately not＂.

关 键 词：《张协状元》 是非询问句 是非测度问句 是非反诘问句 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]