陌生的邻居--后苏联时期俄国民族主义潮流下的中俄关系  

Strange Neighbors——Sino-Russian Relations in the Trend of Russian Nationalism in Post-Soviet Period

作　　者：林精华[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地华东师范大学俄罗斯研究中心 [2]首都师范大学外语学院

出　　处：《俄罗斯研究》2012年第4期94-155,共62页Russian Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“20世纪早期俄国思想史”(项目批准号：11JJDGJW007)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：自彼得大帝改革以降,历代沙皇就强行且快速引进西方社会发展模式,以期强盛俄国。此举刺激了俄罗斯帝国上流社会励精图治,却给社会下层和知识界以巨大压力,孕育出深沉的"俄罗斯民族主义"诉求。然而,庞大的俄罗斯帝国是17世纪以后大规模扩张而迅速形成的,这导致其疆域内族裔构成多元和宗教成分复杂。为了有效治理这样的国家,俄罗斯民族主义又被帝国提升为国家意识形态的"俄国民族主义"。而俄罗斯帝国在融合一部分现代欧洲文明因素之后变得更为强盛,在疆界上和中国发生越来越多的争端,在文化归属、价值观认同、精神追求等方面也和中国之间产生复杂的碰撞,俄罗斯民族主义随即成为帝俄时代和苏联时期理解中国问题、处理中俄关系的重要根据之一。在后苏联俄国重建历程中,这种民族主义是其重要推动力之一,同样延及到俄中关系领域:俄罗斯民族主义之于当代俄国对中国的认知、态度、情感、评价等,远不是临时的情绪表达,而是有着历史根据和理论基础的自觉行为,包括大众媒介关于中国形象塑造、知识界关于汉学研究、政界关于俄中双边关系的理解和处理等。这些行为既不能为中俄战略协作伙伴关系所限定,又在文化结构和精神深处导致俄国人折损中国所期待的中俄全面战略协作伙伴关系的效力。Since the reforms of Peter the Great,Czars of Russia started enforcing Western models of social development eagerly and rapidly,thus making Russian a strong and prosperous empire.This stimulated Russian elites among high levels of society to make every effort to build a powerful Empire,and created tremendous pressure on the lower classes and the intelligentsia and brought up strong appeals for ＂Russian nationalism＂.But the huge Russian Empire started its rapid formation after a large-scale expansion in the 17th century which led to the pluralistic ethnic composition in its territory and religious complexity of its population.For the effective governance of this country,Russian nationalism was promoted by the Empire to the level of a national ideology named ＂Russian nationalism＂.The Russian Empire became stronger after incorporating some aspects of modern European civilization and at the same time more territory-disputes with China occurred,there were complex collisions between China and Russia on cultural attribution,values,identity,spiritual pursuit and so on.Therefore,Russian nationalism became one of the important bases for understanding China problem and dealing with Sino-Russian relations during the Imperial Russia and the Soviet era.In the reconstruction of Russia in post-Soviet period,Russian nationalism was also one of the important driving forces,which was as well extended to the field of Russian-Chinese relations： Russian nationalism in contemporary Russia is not a temporary emotional expression of understanding,attitudes,emotions,evaluation of China,but represents conscious acts that have historical and theoretical basis,including China’s image shaped by the mass media,Sinology research in intelligentsia circles,understanding and handling of the Russian-Chinese bilateral relations by politicians.These acts are not limited by the Sino-Russian strategic cooperative partnership,but at the same time in the cultural and spiritual spheres it leads to the damage of China’s hopes on the effective

关 键 词：民族主义 俄罗斯帝国认同 汉学研究 双边关系 

分 类 号：D829.12[政治法律—政治学]