甘南高原气候变化及对水资源的影响  

Climate Change and Its Influence on Water Resources in Gannan Plateau

作　　者：杨帆[1] 赵庆云[2] 张武[3] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学,江苏南京210044 [2]兰州中心气象台,甘肃兰州730000 [3]兰州大学大气科学学院,半干旱气候变化教育部重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《干旱气象》2012年第3期404-409,共6页Journal of Arid Meteorology

基　　金：国家重大科学研究计划(2012CB955302)资助

摘　　要：应用甘南高原8个气象观测站的月平均气温、月降水量、月蒸发量及水文资料,分析甘南高原气候历史演变趋势及其对水资源的影响。结果表明:1973～2010年研究区年降水量呈减少趋势,平均每10 a减少11.9 mm,尤以20世纪90年代减少最为明显。年平均气温呈上升趋势,气温每10 a升高0.46℃。年蒸发量总体呈增加趋势,平均每10 a增加21.3 mm,尤以近10 a增加最为明显。年降水量为450 mm的等值线南移,年蒸发量为1 250 mm的等值线和年平均气温为3℃等值线西伸,暖干化面积增大。研究区暖干化导致水资源减少,湖泊水位下降,干旱草地面积扩大,草地涵养水源功能降低,产流量减少,黄河"蓄水池"的作用明显下降。Based on the monthly average temperature, monthly precipitation, monthly evaporation and the hydrological data from 8 weather stations in southeast Gansu, the historical evolution of climate change and its impact on water resources were analyzed. The re- sults showed that the annual precipitation in the area presented a decreasing trend with the rate of 11.9 mm/10 a during the period of 1973 -2010, and the annual average temperature increased with the rate of 0.46℃/10 a, and the annual evaporation increased with the rate of 21.3 mm/10 a, which were more severe in recent 10 years. The contour of 450 mm annual precipitation moved towards south, and both the contour of 3 ~C annual average temperature and the contour of 1 250 mm annual evaporation moved towards west. The water resource reduced sharply because of warming and drying in Gannan, the water level in the lake declined. The dry grassland area increased and the grassland function of keeping waterhead declined greatly. The surface runoff decreased rapidly, the ＂reservoir＂ effect of the Huanghe River decreased obviously. So in order to deal with the challenge of the climatic change, the vulnerability of water resources and the arid meteorological disaster should be evaluated correctly, and some scientific countermeasures for drought should be proposed.

关 键 词：气候变化 水资源 对策建议 甘南高原 

分 类 号：P461.5[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]