关中灌区秸秆还田条件下施氮量对冬小麦产量及氮素利用的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Winter Wheat under Straw Returning Condition in Guanzhong Irrigation Area

作　　者：沈海军[1] 祝飞华[1] 顾炽明[1] 郑险峰[1] 张向茹[1] 李有兵[1] 刘淼[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2012年第8期72-76,共5页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)专项小麦营养与有害物质监控项目(Z225021103);西北农林科技大学创新团队项目(Z111021012)

摘　　要：以西农979为供试材料,在秸秆还田条件下设置5个不同的冬小麦施氮水平进行田间试验,分析不同处理下冬小麦产量及产量构成因素、收获后土壤硝态氮以及冬小麦籽粒蛋白质含量。在秸秆还田条件下随施氮量的增加,冬小麦籽粒产量、生物学产量、有效穗数和千粒质量均呈先增后降趋势,籽粒产量、生物产量和公顷穗数在N262.5达到最大,千粒质量在N175达到最大。氮素回收效率、氮肥利用效率均随施氮量的增加而降低,氮素收获指数随施氮量的增加先增后降,在N175时达到最大值。N262.5、N350处理比N0处理显著提高了冬小麦收获后土壤耕层硝态氮累积量。施氮量为0～262.5kg/hm2,随施氮量增加小麦籽粒蛋白质含量和蛋白质产量显著提高。综合考虑目前技术水平和当地气候条件,关中灌区冬小麦施氮量应控制在175～262.5kg/hm2。A field experiment with five treatments was conducted to study the nitrogen fertilization application rate of winter wheat in Guanzhong area under the straw returning condition, and winter wheat variety Xinong 979 served as material. The yield and the component factors of winter wheat, the nitrogen utilization rate, the contents of the nitrate nitrogen in the soil and the content of wheat protein under the different treatments were determined. With the amount of nitrogen fertilizer increasing, the grain yield of the wheat, hiomass, 1 000-grain mass and the spike number per hectare climbed up and then declined. Grain yield, biomass and spike number per hectare reached its maximum under the treatment of N262.s, however, the maximum of 1 000-grain mass reached its maximum under the treatment of N175. Nitrogen recovery efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency decreased along with the increase of the nitrogen application rate, while the nitrogen harvest index showed the tendency by increasing then declining and reached the largest under the treatment of N175. Compared to the N0 treatment, the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in soil in the treatments N262.5 and N350 improved significantly after wheat harvest. The content of wheat protein increased significantly with the increasing of N applied in the range of 0-262.5 kg/hm^2. The optimum application rates of N fertilizer should be in the range of 175-262.5 kg/hm^2 considering the local technology level and the climate.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 施氮量 氮素利用 产量 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]