不同生长模式下人参土壤养分状况与人参皂苷含量的关系  

Relationship between Soil Nutrient Status and Ginsenosides Content in Different Growth Patterns of Panax ginseng

作　　者：孙海[1,2] 张亚玉[1,2] 孙长伟[1] 郑培和[1,2] 高明[1,2] 张丽娜[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院特产研究所,长春132109 [2]吉林省中药材种植(养殖)重点实验室,长春132109

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2012年第8期146-152,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：吉林省科技厅项目(20120922)

摘　　要：为了评价3种生长模式人参土壤养分供应能力及影响人参皂苷积累的主要养分因子,运用常规农化分析方法和超声提取-高效液相法分别测定土壤养分含量和人参中9种单体皂苷含量。结果表明,人参土壤有机质和速效氮磷钾含量为野山参>林下参>园参,土壤有机质含量变异系数为85.6%,属中等变异,土壤全量氮、磷、钾变异系数大于100%,为强变异,结合国家第2次土壤普查养分分级标准可知,人参土壤碱解氮含量为国家5级水平,速效磷为国家2级水平,有效钾含量为641.4 mg/kg,远大于国家1级水平(200mg/kg);野山参和林下参中9种单体皂苷中以单体皂苷Rb1、Rc、Rb2、Rd和Rg1含量较高,5种单体皂苷显著高于园参(P<0.05),林下参中单体皂苷含量以15a生含量最高,其中Rb1、Rc、Rb2、Rd和Rg1分别为20.207、22.865、12.435、17.201和7.770mg/g,为制定林下参适宜采收参龄提供参考;土壤中有机质、全氮和全磷含量直接影响人参皂苷的积累。不同生长模式下人参土壤养分含量差异较大,以野山参和林下参土壤为参考,科学施加氮、磷肥有助于提高园参品质。Aiming to evaluate the deliverability of soil nutrient in different growth patterns of ginseng （wild ginseng, ginseng in forest and cultivated ginseng in farmland） and to choose dominant soil nutri ent factors affecting the ginsenosides accumulation, organic matter, total and available NPK in gin- seng soil were determined by methods of soil and agricultural chemistry analysis, and the ginsenosides were determined by methods of ultrasonic extraction and HPLC. Results showed that： the contents of organic matter and available NPK in ginseng soil by description statistics were： wild ginseng〉ginseng in forest〉cultivated ginseng in farmland, the coefficient of variation of organic matter in ginseng soil was 85.6% and it had middle variable characteristics, the coefficient of variation of total NPK were greater than 100% and it had stronger variable characteristics. According to the nutrient classification standard of the second soil census, the content of alkali-hydro nitrogen was in the fifth level, available phosphorus was in the second level, the average content of available kalium was 641.4 mg/g was more than the first level 200 rag/g; the contents of monomer ginsenoside Rb1 , Re, Rb2, Rd and Rg1 were higher among 9 monomer ginsensides and the value respectively was 20. 207, 22. 865, 12. 435, 17. 201 and 7. 770 mg/g, these five monomer ginsensides were the ginseng basic compounds and the contents were significantly higher than that of cultivated ginseng in farmland in the 0.05 level, total ginsenoside content reached maximum at 15 years old, which set a theoretical basis for determination the optimal harvest time of ginseng in forest; the ginsenoside was affected by soil organic matter and availa- ble NPK. In conclusion, there is different soil nutrient in different growth patterns ginseng, reference the soil nutrient level of wild ginseng and ginseng in forest and scientific put N and P will be conductive to enhancing ginseng quality.

关 键 词：人参 土壤养分 人参皂苷 

分 类 号：S567.51[农业科学—中草药栽培]