德国魏玛时代失业问题探析  

On the Unemployment Problem in Weimar Germany

作　　者：查泉[1] 

机构地区：[1]安庆师范学院人文与社会学院,安徽安庆246011

出　　处：《西华师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2012年第5期31-39,共9页Journal of China West Normal University:Philosophy & Social Sciences

基　　金：安徽省高校青年教师资助计划项目(2008JPW085)

摘　　要：魏玛时期的失业问题伴随当时德国社会经济的发展呈现出明显的阶段性特征。第一个阶段是战后的初期阶段,魏玛德国的失业问题开始凸显,在恶性通货膨胀的影响下,失业规模在1923年底迅速扩大。第二个阶段是相对稳定时期,随着德国经济持续的发展,失业问题开始得到缓解。但20年代中期的"合理化运动"又导致德国出现了结构性失业和技术性失业,这两种长期性失业类型使德国的失业率居高不下。第三阶段是大萧条时期,经济大危机重创了魏玛德国的社会经济,再加上政府经济政策的失误和劳动人口结构的改变,严重失业问题直到共和国的崩溃也未能解决。Unemployment problem accompanied by the German socio-economic development during Weimar period showed obvious phased characteristics. The first phase was the initial phase of the post - war,unemployment problem began to emerge. With the influence of hyperinflation, the scale of unemployment expanded rapidly at the end of 1923. The second stage was relatively stable period in which the problem of unemployment was relieved due to the continuous economic development in Germany. However, Industrial Rationalization Movement that happened during the 1920s led to the structural unemployment and technical unemployment, which are two types of long-term unemployment. And the unemployment rate was difficult to reduce. The third stage was the Great Depression peri： od. An unprecedented economic crisis destroyed Weimar＇s socio-economy, coupled with the government＇s impolitic economic policy and the structure of the labour force＇s change, the severe problem of unemployment was not solved even when Weimar Germany came to an end.

关 键 词：魏玛德国 失业问题 合理化运动 经济大萧条 

分 类 号：K516.43[历史地理—历史学]