土壤拮抗细菌的分离与筛选  

Isolation and Screening of Antagonistic Bacteria in Soil

作　　者：宋光桃[1,2] 周国英[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学,长沙410004 [2]湖南环境生物职业技术学院,湖南衡阳421005

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2012年第27期99-103,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家"十一五"林业科技支撑计划项目"油茶有害生物防控关键技术研究"(2009BADB1B0204);林业公益行业科研专项项目"油茶炭疽病检测及生物防控技术研究"(2011-05)

摘　　要：为了获得高效广谱的原始拮抗细菌菌株用于油茶病害的防治,并探索其生物防治效果。从土样中分离到223株细菌,采用平板对峙培养法、发酵产物活性测定进行拮抗菌筛选。结果表明：以油茶炭疽病菌和根腐病菌为指示菌,通过平板对峙培养初步选出抑菌效果较好的菌株21株,其抑菌圈宽度在5.0~12.5mm,占分离到的细菌总数的9.9%,其中菌株Z26抑菌效果最好;复筛表明21个菌株发酵液对供试6种植物病原菌有不同程度抑制作用,其中有8株对油茶炭疽病菌抑菌效果良好,有4株对油茶根腐病菌抑菌效果良好,其抑菌圈宽度≥10.0mm,分别占被测菌的38.1%和19.0%,菌株Z26抑菌效果最好;发酵产物活性测定表明6个菌株的发酵液能完全抑制油茶炭疽病菌生长,效果明显,过滤液抑菌率为33.3%~58.3%,效果不明显,抑菌率超过50.0%的只有Z17、Z262个菌株。由此可知,菌株Z17和Z26对油茶病害有较好的抑菌效果,具有一定的生防潜力,可作为油茶病害的备选拮抗菌株开展深入研究。In order to obtain the original antagonistic bacteria strains of high efficiency and broad spectrum for preventing and controlling Camellia oleifera diseases, and to explore the effects of biological control, 223 strains of bacteria were isolated from soil samples. Antagonistic bacteria were selected by using confrontation culture method and activity determination of fermentation products. The results showed that： using Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium proliferatum as indicators, 21 strains were selected by plate confrontation method with inhibition zone width were 5.0-12.5 mm. They were 9.9% in accounted for the separation to the total number of bacteria, of which the strain Z26 showed the best inhibition activity; Re-selection tests by using confrontation culture method showed that the fermentation product of 21 strains had stronger antagonistic activities to 6 plant pathogens, of which 8 strains showed inhibition activity strong antagonistic activities to C. gloeosporioides and 4 strains showed inhibition activity strong antagonistic activities to F. proliferatum with inhibition zone width were ≥10.0 mm. They were 38.1% and 19.0% respectively in accounted for tested strains, of which the strain Z26 showed the best inhibition activity. The determination tests of fermentation product indicated that the antibacterial activity of 7 strains of fermentation broth could inhibit completely to the growth of C. gloeosporioides and the effect was obvious, fermentation filtrate inhibitory rate was 33.3%-58.3% and the effect was not obvious; bacteriostasis rate of more than 50.0% of the only Z17, Z26 2 strains. Therefore, the strains Z17 and Z26 had better antibacterial effect and biocontrol potential to C. oleifera diseases; they could be used as antagonistic strains of alternative of C. oleifera diseases.

关 键 词：土壤 拮抗细菌 筛选 油茶炭疽病菌 油茶根腐病菌 

分 类 号：Q938[生物学—微生物学]