不同气候条件下耗水量对旱地油菜产量的影响及水分利用效率研究  

Study on the Influence of Water Consumption to Dry Land Rape Yield and Water Use Efficiency Under Different Climate Condition

作　　者：马兴祥[1,2] 陈雷 丁文魁 王鹤龄[1] 魏育国 李万希 杨永龙 刘惠兰 蒋菊芳 刘海燕 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所/甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾开放实验室,兰州730020 [2]甘肃省武威农业气象试验站,甘肃武威733000 [3]甘肃省武威市气象局,甘肃武威733000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2012年第27期134-140,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重大科学研究计划"全球典型干旱半干旱地区气候变化及其影响"(2012CB955304);"973"计划"全球变化影响下我国主要陆地生态系统的脆弱性与适应性研究"(2010CB951302);科技部行业(气象)专项"西北地区旱作农业对气候变暖的响应特征及其预警和应对技术研究"(GYHY200806021-01);"农田土壤水分利用效率对气候变化的响应及适应技术"(GYHY201106029)

摘　　要：为了研究气候变化情景下农作物种植应对措施,采用分期播种法,对高海拔旱作区春油菜生长过程中耗水量变化和降水、温度的影响试验。结果表明,高海拔旱作区油菜全生育期耗水量在254-286mm之间,抽薹-开花期耗水占全生育期的6.9%-10.3%,开花-成熟期耗水占全生育期的32.3%-58.2%。抽薹-开花期耗水量与产量相关极显著（r=0.890）;开花-成熟期耗水量与产量相关显著（r=0.764）,期间耗水量每增加1mm油菜产量增加37.9kg/hm^2。不同播期耗温比与产量相关达极显著水平（r=0.844）,耗温比每增加1单位,油菜产量增加86.4kg/hm2。不同播期油菜水分利用效率与产量呈极显著正相关（r=0.981）,水分利用效率每增加1单位,油菜产量增加313.5kg/hm2。Experiment on water consumption change and influence of water and temperature during spring rape growth process at high altitude dry land was carried out by sowing method in order to research counter measure of crops planter under climatic change background. The results showed that： water consumption of whole rape growth period was between 254 mm and 286 mm at high altitude dry land. Water consumption of bolting-blossom stage was 6.9%-10.3% of whole growth period. Water consumption of blossom-mature stage was 32.3%-58.2% of whole growth period. Water consumption of bolting-blossom stage and yield assumed significant correlation （r=0.890）. Water consumption of blossom-mature stage and yield assumed significant correlation （r=0.764）. Rape yield increased 37.9 kg/hm2 because water consumption increased 1 mm.Consumption temperature ratio of different sowing period and yield assumed significant correlation （r=0.844）. Rape yield increased 86.4 kg/hm2 because consumption temperature ratio increased 1 unit. Water use efficiency of rape different sowing and yield assumed significant correlation （r=0.981）. Rape yield increased 313.5 kg/hm2 because water use efficiency increased 1 unit. Way of improving water use efficiency was discussed according to climate change.

关 键 词：旱地春油菜产量 耗水量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S565[农业科学—作物学]